Frequency tuned Minkowski island fractals RHCP antenna optimised for three-band GPS receiver

• Published in: IET microwaves, antennas & propagation Vol. 13; no. 14; pp. 2501 - 2508
• Main Authors: Cao, Thanh Nghia, Krzysztofik, Wojciech Jan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: The Institution of Engineering and Technology 27.11.2019
• Subjects: antenna radiation patterns; electromagnetic wave polarisation; fractal antennas; frequency 1.176 GHz; frequency 1.227 GHz; frequency 1.575 GHz; frequency tuned antenna; Global Positioning System; Global Positioning System receiver; GPS‐bands; HFSS computer code; laser prototyping; microwave laminate FR4‐epoxy; Minkowski island fractals RHCP antenna; multifrequency antennas; optimised Minkowski island fractal structure; radiation surface; Research Article; resistance 50 ohm; resonance frequencies; right‐handed circular polarisation; satellite antennas; three‐band GPS receiver; UHF antennas; GPS-bands; right-handed circular polarisation; laser prototyping; electromagnetic wave polarisation; HFSS computer code; frequency tuned antenna; Global Positioning System; frequency 1.227 GHz; fractal antennas; optimised Minkowski island fractal structure; resistance 50 ohm; antenna radiation patterns; satellite antennas; frequency 1.575 GHz; radiation surface; resonance frequencies; UHF antennas; Global Positioning System receiver; microwave laminate FR4-epoxy; multifrequency antennas; frequency 1.176 GHz; Minkowski island fractals RHCP antenna; three-band GPS receiver
• ISSN: 1751-8725; 1751-8733; 1751-8733
• DOI: 10.1049/iet-map.2019.0072

This study presents an antenna design that operates at the three bands of the Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver. The optimised Minkowski island fractal structure combined with the central window is used to design the radiation surface to reduce the size and adjust the resonance frequencies of the antenna. The antenna was designed, and simulated by HFSS computer code, and was fabricated on microwave laminate FR4-epoxy by fast laser prototyping. The resulting fractal antenna has been operating at three GPS-bands: fL2 = 1.227, fL5 = 1.176, and fL1 = 1.575 GHz, with return loss S11 < −15 dB, bandwidths BW > 21.5 MHz, for VSWR < 2, at 50-Ω input impedance, the power gains ∼2.4, 2.85, and 4.2 dBi, and axial ratio of right-handed circular polarisation 1.5, 03, and 06 dB at fL5, fL2, and fL1, respectively. The simulated and experimental results agree favourable.