Attaining Autonomy in the Empire: French Governors between 1860 and 1960

• Published in: Social science history Vol. 46; no. 4; pp. 831 - 859
• Main Authors: Viallet-Thévenin, Scott, Chambru, Cédric
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York, USA Cambridge University Press 01.01.2022; Duke University Press
• Subjects: Autonomy; Careers; Civil service; Colonialism; Colonies & territories; Empires; Governors; Group identity; History; Humanities and Social Sciences; Personal profiles; Political science; Professionalization; Recruitment; Research Article; Sociology; Sovereignty; West Africa; Algeria; State employment decisions; professional groups; ecology; 20th century; French colonial empire; closure; 19th century
• ISSN: 0145-5532; 1527-8034
• DOI: 10.1017/ssh.2022.20

This article presents a study of the careers of French colonial governors between 1830 and 1960. We consider empires as the by-product of social entities structuring themselves. Specifically, we analyze the process of the emergence of this professional group with respect to other professional groups within the imperial space and the French metropolitan space, building on the concept of linked ecologies. Using data on the career of 637 colonial governors between 1830 and 1960, we examine how variations in the recruitment of these senior civil servants actually reflect the professionalization of this group. We rely on an optimal matching technique to distinguish typical sequence models and identify nine common career trajectories that can be grouped into four main clusters. We further compare the share of each cluster in the population of governors over time and show that the rise of the colonial cluster during the Interwar period corresponded to the peak of the administrative autonomy in the colonial space. We argue that this process is consistent with the professionalization of the governors’ corps, which is embodied by a common career within the colonial administration and a collective identity as a group.