CMOS Integrated Circuits for the Quantum Information Sciences

• Published in: IEEE transactions on quantum engineering Vol. 4; pp. 1 - 30
• Main Authors: Anders, Jens, Babaie, Masoud, Bardin, Joseph C., Bashir, Imran, Billiot, Gerard, Blokhina, Elena, Bonen, Shai, Charbon, Edoardo, Chiaverini, John, Chuang, Isaac L., Degenhardt, Carsten, Englund, Dirk, Geck, Lotte, Le Guevel, Loick, Ham, Donhee, Han, Ruonan, Ibrahim, Mohamed I., Kruger, Daniel, Lei, Ka Meng, Morel, Adrien, Nielinger, Dennis, Pillonnet, Gael, Sage, Jeremy M., Sebastiano, Fabio, Staszewski, Robert Bogdan, Stuart, Jules, Vladimirescu, Andrei, Vliex, Patrick, Voinigescu, Sorin P.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York IEEE 2023; The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE); Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
• Subjects: CMOS; CMOS integrated circuits; Engineering Sciences; Integrated circuits; Magnetic measurement; Mechanical systems; NMR; Nuclear magnetic resonance; Quantum computing; Quantum dots; Quantum information science; Quantum mechanics; Quantum phenomena; Quantum sensing; Quantum state; Qubit; Superconducting magnets
• ISSN: 2689-1808; 2689-1808
• DOI: 10.1109/TQE.2023.3290593

Over the past decade, significant progress in quantum technologies has been made, and hence, engineering of these systems has become an important research area. Many researchers have become interested in studying ways in which classical integrated circuits can be used to complement quantum mechanical systems, enabling more compact, performant, and/or extensible systems than would be otherwise feasible. In this article-written by a consortium of early contributors to the field-we provide a review of some of the early integrated circuits for the quantum information sciences. Complementary metal--oxide semiconductor (CMOS) and bipolar CMOS (BiCMOS) integrated circuits for nuclear magnetic resonance, nitrogen-vacancy-based magnetometry, trapped-ion-based quantum computing, superconductor-based quantum computing, and quantum-dot-based quantum computing are described. In each case, the basic technological requirements are presented before describing proof-of-concept integrated circuits. We conclude by summarizing some of the many open research areas in the quantum information sciences for CMOS designers.