Reductions in clinical inflammation and oral neutrophils with improving oral hygiene

• Published in: Clinical oral investigations Vol. 25; no. 10; pp. 5785 - 5793
• Main Authors: Sreenivasan, Prem K., K.V.V, Prasad, Sharda, Shweta, Pothamsetty, Yogitha
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.10.2021; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Clinical trials; Dental plaque; Dentifrices; Dentistry; Gingivitis; Hygiene; Inflammation; Leukocytes (neutrophilic); Leukocytes (polymorphonuclear); Medicine; Mouth; Oral hygiene; Original Article; Toothpaste; Dental plaque; Zinc salts; Gingivitis; Neutrophils
• ISSN: 1432-6981; 1436-3771
• DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-03881-0

Objective This study compared the effects of oral hygiene with a toothpaste formulated with zinc (test) to a fluoride dentifrice (control) for effects on oral polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) as a measure of whole mouth inflammation along with effects on clinical parameters of dental plaque and gingivitis. Materials and methods Adults (age range 18–60 years, n = 212) completed this double-blind, parallel design study. After washout, a baseline oral rinse sample was evaluated for PMN prior to clinical assessments for gingivitis and dental plaque. Subjects were randomly assigned to brush twice daily with either the test or the control toothpaste. Post-treatment evaluations repeated all baseline assessments after 4-week, 6-week and 12-week use of dentifrice with all assessments conducted 12 hours after brushing. Results PMN reductions in the test were 16.8%, 18.7% and 42.5% at the 4-week, 6-week and 12-week evaluations respectively and significantly different from the control ( p < 0.05). The test toothpaste also demonstrated progressively increasing reductions in gingivitis and dental plaque that ranged from 7.6 to 33.3% and 2.3 to 9.1% respectively versus the control ( p < 0.05). Conclusions The test dentifrice demonstrated progressive reductions in oral PMN representing whole mouth inflammation in conjunction with improvements in oral hygiene as compared to the control toothpaste. Clinical relevance A hallmark of oral inflammation includes the accumulations of PMN in the afflicted gingival regions to reduce the influences of proliferating microorganisms. Brushing with a zinc dentifrice demonstrated progressive reductions in oral PMN and improvements in oral hygiene as evidenced by progressively lower dental plaque and gingival indices.