Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue: Regulation of Osteoblastic Niche, Hematopoiesis and Hematological Malignancies

• Published in: Stem cell reviews and reports Vol. 19; no. 5; pp. 1135 - 1151
• Main Authors: Labella, Rossella, Vujačić, Marko, Trivanović, Drenka
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York Springer US 01.07.2023; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Adipocytes; Adipogenesis; Adipose tissue; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering; Body fat; Bone marrow; Cell Biology; Cell differentiation; Cell proliferation; Hematopoietic stem cells; Hemopoiesis; Homeostasis; Life Sciences; Malignancy; Osteoblasts; Osteoprogenitor cells; Progenitor cells; Regenerative Medicine/Tissue Engineering; Spatial distribution; Stem Cells; Bone marrow adipose tissue; Skeletal niche; Malignancy; Hematopoiesis; Stem cells
• ISSN: 2629-3269; 2629-3277
• DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10531-3

Bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) creates a specific microniche within multifunctional bone marrow (BM) ecosystem which imposes changes in surrounding cells and at systemic level. Moreover, BMAT contributes to spatial and temporal separation and metabolic compartmentalization of BM, thus regulating BM homeostasis and diseases. Recent findings have identified novel progenitor subsets of bone marrow adipocytes (BMAd)s recruited during the BM adipogenesis within different skeletal and hematopoietic stem cell niches. Potential of certain mesenchymal BM cells to differentiate into both osteogenic and adipogenic lineages, contributes to the complex interplay of BMAT with endosteal (osteoblastic) niche compartments as an important cellular player in bone tissue homeostasis. Targeting and ablation of BMAT cells at certain states might be an optional and promising strategy for improvement of bone health. Additionally, recent findings demonstrated spatial distribution of BMAds related to hematopoietic cells and pointed out important functional roles in the vital processes such as long-term hematopoiesis. BM adipogenesis appears to be an emergency phenomenon that follows the production of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell niche factors, thus regulating physiological, stressed, and malignant hematopoiesis. Lipolytic and secretory activity of BMAds can influence survival and proliferation of hematopoietic cells at different maturation stages. Due to their different lipid status, constitutive and regulated BMAds are important determinants of normal and malignant hematopoietic cells. Further elucidation of cellular and molecular players involved in BMAT expansion and crosstalk with malignant cells is of paramount importance for conceiving the new therapies for improvement of BM health. Graphical Abstract