Effects of a low free sugar diet on the management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized clinical trial

• Published in: European journal of clinical nutrition Vol. 76; no. 7; pp. 987 - 994
• Main Authors: Khodami, Banafshe, Hatami, Behzad, Yari, Zahra, Alavian, Seyyed Moayyed, Sadeghi, Amir, Varkaneh, Hamed Kord, Santos, Heitor O., Hekmatdoost, Azita
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 01.07.2022; Nature Publishing Group
• Subjects: 692/308/2779/777; 692/699/1503/1607/2750; Biomarkers; Body weight; Clinical Nutrition; Diet; Epidemiology; Fatty liver; Fibrosis; High density lipoprotein; Inflammation; Insulin; Internal Medicine; Lipids; Liver; Liver diseases; Low density lipoprotein; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Metabolic Diseases; NF-κB protein; Nutrient deficiency; Overweight; Patients; Public Health; Steatosis; Sugar; Tumor necrosis factor-α
• ISSN: 0954-3007; 1476-5640; 1476-5640
• DOI: 10.1038/s41430-022-01081-x

Background Although the role of a diet rich in fructose and saccharose in development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is well known, the effects of a low free sugar diet in the management of the disease have not yet been investigated in adult patients with NAFLD. We aimed, therefore, to analyze the effects of a low-free sugar diet on NAFLD main features. Methods Participants with FibroScan-proven NAFLD were randomized to a 12-week dietary intervention (low free sugar diet or usual diet). The primary outcome was change in hepatic steatosis measurement between baseline and 12 weeks. The secondary outcomes included changes in anthropometric measurements, lipid profile, glycemic indices, liver enzymes, and inflammatory factors. Results Forty-three subjects completed the 12-week intervention. Low free sugar diet compared with the usual diet significantly decreased the concentrations of ALT (43.00 ± 27.54 to 27.95 ± 20.77 U/L), TG (172.86 ± 83.04 to 144.19 ± 65.55), TC (155.54 ± 37.55 to 139.86 ± 33.63 mg/dL), FBS (103.95 ± 15.42 to 91.00 ± 14.36 mg/dL), insulin (14.37 ± 5.79 to 8.92 ± 5.43 mU/L), HOMA-IR (3.81 ± 1.80 to 2.06 ± 1.29), hs-CRP (3.80 ± 1.09 to 2.88 ± 0.52 mg/L), TNF-α (4.60 ± 1.54 to 3.41 ± 0.69 pg/mL), NF-kb (3.89 ± 1.34 to 3.35 ± 1.33), as well as resulted in reduced fibrosis score and steatosis score, with increased QUICKI ( P  < 0.05). The differences in AST, GGT, HDL-C and LDL-C were not significant ( P  > 0.05). Conclusion Low free sugar diet in overweight/obese NAFLD patients may reduce hepatic steatosis and fibrosis while improving glycemic indices, decreasing the concentrations of biomarkers of inflammation, TG, and TC levels.