Reduced wound leakage in arthroplasty with modified wound closure: a retrospective cohort study

• Published in: Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery Vol. 139; no. 11; pp. 1505 - 1510
• Main Authors: Roerdink, R. L., Plat, A. W., van Hove, R. P., Leenders, A. C. A. P., van der Zwaard, B. C.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.11.2019; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Anticoagulants; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee - adverse effects; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee - methods; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee - statistics & numerical data; Cohort analysis; Hospitals; Humans; Infections; Joint replacement surgery; Joint surgery; Knee - surgery; Medical dressings; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Methods; Orthopaedic Surgery; Orthopedics; Postoperative Complications - epidemiology; Postoperative Complications - prevention & control; Prostheses; Prosthesis-Related Infections - epidemiology; Prosthesis-Related Infections - prevention & control; Retrospective Studies; Surgeons; Surgical outcomes; Wound Closure Techniques - adverse effects; Wound Closure Techniques - statistics & numerical data; Wound leakage; Infection prevention; Arthroplasty; PJI; Wound closure
• ISSN: 0936-8051; 1434-3916
• DOI: 10.1007/s00402-019-03178-8

Introduction Wound leakage has been shown to increase the risk of prosthetic joint infections (PJIs) in primary total hip (THA) and knee arthroplasty (unicondylar and total knee arthroplasty; KA). The aim of this study is to determine whether the addition of a continuous subcuticular bonding stitch to a conventional three-layer closure method reduces the incidence of prolonged wound leakage and PJIs after THA and KA. Materials and methods This retrospective cohort study included all patients receiving a THA or KA. Patients in the control group with a three-layer closure method had surgery between November 1st 2015 and October 31 st 2016, and were compared to the study group with a four-layer closure method that had surgery between January 1st 2017 and December 31 st 2018. The primary outcome was incidence of prolonged wound leakage longer than 72 h. Differences were evaluated using logistic regression. Incidence of PJIs was the secondary outcome. Results A total of 439 THA and 339 KA in the control group and 460 THA and 350 KA in the study group were included. In the control group, 11.7% of the patients had a prolonged leaking wound compared to 1.9% in the study group ( p  < 0.001). The modified wound closure method showed a protective effect for obtaining prolonged wound leakage; odds ratios were 0.09 (95% CI 0.04–0.22; p  < 0.001) for THA and 0.21 (95% CI 0.10–0.43; p  < 0.001) for KA. PJIs decreased from 1.54 to 0.37% ( p  = 0.019). Conclusions The addition of a continuous subcuticular bonding stitch reduces the incidence of prolonged wound leakage and PJIs after THA and KA compared to a conventional three-layer wound closure method. The large reduction of incidence in wound leakage and PJIs in this study, combined with relatively negligible cost and effort of the modified wound closure method, would advocate for implementing this wound closure method in arthroplasty.