Inactivation of E. coli and Streptococcus agalactiae by UV/persulfate during marine aquaculture disinfection

• Published in: Environmental science and pollution research international Vol. 29; no. 30; pp. 45421 - 45434
• Main Authors: Zhang, Yuanyuan, Wei, Min, Huang, Kunling, Yu, Kefu, Liang, Jiayuan, Wei, Fen, Huang, Jianping, Yin, Xinyue
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.06.2022; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Anions; Antioxidants; Aquaculture; Aquatic Pollution; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution; Bacteria; Cell membranes; Chemical analysis; Chlorate; Deactivation; Disinfection; E coli; Earth and Environmental Science; Ecotoxicology; Environment; Environmental Chemistry; Environmental Health; Environmental science; Free radicals; Gram-negative bacteria; Gram-positive bacteria; Inactivation; Marine aquaculture; Marine microorganisms; Oxidation; Research Article; Seawater; Streptococcus agalactiae; Streptococcus infections; Ultraviolet radiation; Waste Water Technology; Water analysis; Water Management; Water Pollution Control; Marine aquaculture water; Sulfate radical; Pathogenic bacteria; UV/PDS
• ISSN: 0944-1344; 1614-7499
• DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19108-y

Sulfate radical (•SO 4 − )–based advanced oxidation processes have attracted a great deal of attention for use in water disinfection because of their strong oxidation ability toward electron-rich moieties on microorganism molecules. However, a few studies have focused on the effects of •SO 4 − on pathogenic microorganism inactivation in marine aquaculture water containing various inorganic anions. We employed the gram-negative bacteria E. coli and gram-positive bacteria S. agalactiae as representatives to evaluate the application of UV/persulfate (S 2 O 8 2− , PDS), to the disinfection of marine aquaculture water in a comprehensive manner. Total inactivation of 4.13ˍlog of E. coli cells and 4.74ˍlog of S. agalactiae cells was reached within 120 s in the UV/PDS system. The inactivation of pathogenic bacteria in marine aquaculture water increased with the increasing PDS concentration and UV intensity. An acidic pH was beneficial for UV/PDS inactivation. Halogen-free radicals showed a strong influence on the inactivation. Anions in seawater, including Cl − , Br − , and HCO 3 − inhibited the disinfection. The inactivation rates of pathogenic bacteria followed the order seawater < marine aquaculture water < freshwater. Pathogenic bacteria could also be effectively inactivated in actual marine aquaculture water and reservoir water. The analysis of the inactivation mechanisms showed that S 2 O 8 2− was activated by UV to produce •SO 4 − , which damaged the cell membranes. In addition, antioxidant enzymes, including SOD and CAT, were induced. The genomic DNA was also damaged. Inorganic disinfection byproducts such as chlorate and bromate were not formed during the disinfection of marine aquaculture water, which indicated that UV/PDS was a safe and efficient disinfection method. Graphical abstract