Reduced meal frequency alleviates high-fat diet-induced lipid accumulation and inflammation in adipose tissue of pigs under the circumstance of fixed feed allowance

• Published in: European journal of nutrition Vol. 59; no. 2; pp. 595 - 608
• Main Authors: Yan, Honglin, Cao, Shanchuan, Li, Yan, Zhang, Hongfu, Liu, Jingbo
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.03.2020; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Adipose tissue; Adipose Tissue - physiopathology; Animals; CD36 antigen; Chemistry; Chemistry and Materials Science; Diet; Diet, High-Fat - adverse effects; Disease Models, Animal; Fatty acids; Feeding Behavior - physiology; Gene expression; High fat diet; Hogs; Inflammation; Inflammation - physiopathology; Interleukin 1; Intestinal microflora; Intestine; Lipase; Lipid metabolism; Lipid Metabolism - physiology; Lipids - blood; Lipopolysaccharides; Lipoprotein lipase; Metabolites; Microbiota; MyD88 protein; Nutrition; Original Contribution; Phenotypes; Signal transduction; Swine; TLR4 protein; Toll-like receptors; Tumor necrosis factor-α; Short-chain fatty acids; Microbiota; Inflammation; Lipid metabolism; Meal frequency; High-fat diet
• ISSN: 1436-6207; 1436-6215
• DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-01928-3

Purpose The present study was conducted to determine whether reduced meal frequency (MF) could restore high-fat diet (HFD)-modified phenotypes and microbiota under the condition of fixed feed allowance. Methods A total of 32 barrows with initial weight of 61.6 ± 0.8 kg were assigned to two diets [control diet (CON) versus HFD] and two meal frequencies [12 equal meals/day (M12) versus 2 equal meals/day (M2)], the trial lasted 8 weeks. The lipid metabolism and inflammatory response in adipose tissue as well as the profiles of intestinal microbiota and bacterial-derived metabolites were determined. Results M2 versus M12 feeding regimen decreased perirenal fat weight and serum triglyceride and liposaccharide (LPS) concentrations in HFD-fed pigs ( P  < 0.05). Reduced MF down-regulated mRNA expression of lipoprotein lipase, CD36 molecule, interleukin 1 beta, tumor necrosis factor alpha, toll-like receptor 4, myeloid differentiation factor 88 ( MYD88 ), and nuclear factor kappa beta 1 as well as protein expression of MYD88 in perirenal fat of HFD-fed pigs ( P  < 0.05). M2 feeding regimen increased abundance of Prevotella and decreased abundance of Bacteroides in colonic content of HFD-fed pigs ( P  < 0.05). No difference in short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) profile in colonic content was observed among four groups ( P  > 0.05). Conclusion Our results suggested that M2 versus M12 feeding regimen ameliorated HFD-induced fat deposition and inflammatory response by decreasing fatty acid uptake and deactivating LPS/TLR4 signaling pathway in adipose tissue and restoring microbiota composition in distal intestine, without affecting SCFAs profile in distal luminal content.