Charge-dependent directed flows in heavy-ion collisions by Boltzmann-Maxwell equations

• Published in: Physical review research Vol. 4; no. 3; p. 033138
• Main Authors: Zhang, Jun-Jie, Sheng, Xin-Li, Pu, Shi, Chen, Jian-Nan, Peng, Guo-Liang, Wang, Jian-Guo, Wang, Qun
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: American Physical Society 01.08.2022
• ISSN: 2643-1564; 2643-1564
• DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevResearch.4.033138

We have calculated the directed flow v_{1} and charge-dependent directed flow Δv_{1} of pions and protons in Au+Au collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200 GeV by solving the coupled Boltzmann-Maxwell equations self-consistently. Our numerical results show that v_{1} for pions and protons are all negative in the positive midrapidity region and have similar behavior and magnitude. In contrast we find a quite different behavior in Δv_{1} for pions and protons. The difference lies in that Δv_{1} for protons mainly comes from pressure gradients of the medium, while the dominant contribution to Δv_{1} for pions is from electromagnetic fields. Our results indicate that the effect of the electric field will slightly exceed that of the magnetic field and lead to a small negative slope of Δv_{1} for pions.