ISPD guideline-driven retraining, exit site care and decreased peritonitis: a single-center experience in Israel

• Published in: International urology and nephrology Vol. 51; no. 4; pp. 723 - 727
• Main Authors: Einbinder, Yael, Cohen-Hagai, Keren, Shitrit, Pnina, Zitman-Gal, Tali, Erez, Daniel, Benchetrit, Sydney, Korzets, Ze’ev, Kotliroff, Andy
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Dordrecht Springer Netherlands 01.04.2019; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Aged; Antibiotics; Bacterial Infections - complications; Bacterial Infections - microbiology; Bacterial Infections - prevention & control; Catheter-Related Infections - microbiology; Catheter-Related Infections - prevention & control; Catheters; Catheters, Indwelling - adverse effects; Coagulase; Diabetes; Disease control; Eradication; Erythema; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Infections; Intervention; Israel; Male; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Middle Aged; Nephrology; Nephrology - Original Paper; Patient Education as Topic; Patients; Peritoneal dialysis; Peritoneal Dialysis - adverse effects; Peritonitis; Peritonitis - microbiology; Peritonitis - prevention & control; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Practice Patterns, Nurses; Urology; Israel; Exit site care; Peritonitis; Peritoneal dialysis; Education and training
• ISSN: 0301-1623; 1573-2584
• DOI: 10.1007/s11255-019-02100-w

Purpose Evaluate the efficacy of retraining and catheter exit site care in reducing peritonitis rates. Methods This interventional study included all prevalent PD patients from 1/2009 to 12/2017 from a single center. Peritonitis rates and causative organisms were assessed and compared in three periods: (1) Before intervention (01/2009–12/2014), (2) after educational intervention: assessment of training process by infection control nurse and repeat training every 3 months, after each peritonitis episode and after hospitalizations > 2 weeks (01/2015–02/2016), and (3) in addition to the measures in period 2, an exit site care protocol including postoperative care, topical antibacterial therapy and nasal Staph aureus screening and eradication was implemented (03/2016–12/2017). Results The study included 201 patients (149 men, 52 women), mean age was 65.1 ± 12.6 years. After both interventions, including educational and exit site care strategies, peritonitis decreased significantly from 1.05 episodes per patient-year ( n  = 113) to 0.67 ( n  = 54); P  = 0.017 between periods 1 and 3. The percentage of peritonitis-free patients increased from 27.4 to 52.4 and 55.6%, respectively ( P  = 0.001 between period 1 vs. 2 and period 1 vs. 3.). Coagulase-negative staph was the most common pathogen, causing 7.56 peritonitis episodes per year, followed by pseudomonas at 4.33 episodes annually and staph aureus at 3.44 episodes per year. Conclusions Enforcement of an educational program and strict adherence to an exit site care protocol was associated with a significant decrease in peritonitis rates.