Analysis and recognition of post-exercise cardiac state based on heart sound features and cardiac troponin I

• Published in: European journal of applied physiology Vol. 123; no. 11; pp. 2461 - 2471
• Main Authors: Wang, Menglu, Lv, Chengcong, Zhang, Yao, Liu, Kai, Yan, Xiaobo, Liu, Leichu, Zheng, Yineng, Guo, Xingming
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.11.2023; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biomedicine; Cardiovascular disease; Cardiovascular diseases; Cross country running; Female athletes; Heart; Human Physiology; Occupational Medicine/Industrial Medicine; Original Article; Overtraining; Physical training; Population studies; Sound; Sports Medicine; Statistical analysis; Troponin I; Exercise; Heart sound; Cardiac troponin I(cTnI); Heart function
• ISSN: 1439-6319; 1439-6327; 1439-6327
• DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05245-w

Purpose Excessive intensity exercises can bring irreversible damage to the heart. We explore whether heart sounds can evaluate cardiac function after high-intensity exercise and hope to prevent overtraining through the changes of heart sound in future training. Methods The study population consisted of 25 male athletes and 24 female athletes. All subjects were healthy and had no history of cardiovascular disease or family history of cardiovascular disease. The subjects were required to do high-intensity exercise for 3 days, with their blood sample and heart sound (HS) signals being collected and analysed before and after exercise. We then developed a Kernel extreme learning machine (KELM) model that can distinguish the state of heart by using the pre- and post-exercise data. Results There was no significant change in serum cardiac troponin I after 3 days of load cross-country running, which indicates that there was no myocardial injury after the race. The statistical analysis of time-domain characteristics and multi-fractal characteristic parameters of HS showed that the cardiac reserve capacity of the subjects was enhanced after the cross-country running, and the KELM is an effective classifier to recognize HS and the state of the heart after exercise. Conclusion Through the results, we can draw the conclusion that this intensity of exercise will not cause profound damage to the athlete’s heart. The findings of this study are of great significance for evaluating the condition of the heart with the proposed index of heart sound and prevention of excessive training that causes damage to the heart.