Feasibility of text message sleep assessment in African American and Latino patients with type 2 diabetes

• Published in: Journal of clinical sleep medicine Vol. 17; no. 1; pp. 69 - 78
• Main Authors: Biggers, Alana, Henkins, Julia, Barton, Isaye, Hubbard, Colin, Perez, Rose, Sharp, Lisa K, Gerber, Ben S
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States American Academy of Sleep Medicine 01.01.2021
• Subjects: Actigraphy; Adult; African Americans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - complications; Ethnicity; Feasibility Studies; Hispanic or Latino; Humans; Middle Aged; Minority Groups; Pennsylvania; Pilot Projects; Scientific Investigations; Sleep; Text Messaging; Pennsylvania; sleep; text messaging; type 2 diabetes; wrist actigraphy; African American patients; Latino patients; sleep diary
• ISSN: 1550-9389; 1550-9397
• DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.8828

Text messaging (TM) may provide an inexpensive and convenient method for self-reported sleep assessment. This pilot study evaluated the feasibility of a TM sleep diary among a racial/ethnic minority population with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes. A convenience sample of 40 participants with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes was recruited. Participants wore an Actiwatch (Philips Spectrum Plus, Philips Respironics, Murrysville, Pennsylvania) for 7 consecutive days during both wake and sleep intervals and completed a daily TM sleep diary including 10 questions adapted from the Consensus Sleep Diary. The relationships between sleep measures from TMs and actigraphy were explored through Bland-Altman plots and correlations. Of the 40 participants enrolled, 34 were African American and 6 were Latino. The mean age was 52.2 years (standard deviation = 8.2), and the mean hemoglobin A1c was 9.0% (standard deviation = 1.5). All but 1 participant attempted to complete the TM sleep diary. With a maximum of 70 TM replies possible, the median number of responses per participant was 66 (interquartile range = 59.5-69). Actigraphy and TM measures were related for total sleep time (median = 382 vs 393 min, respectively [r = .71; P < .01]), sleep onset latency (median = 31.4 vs 27.5 min [r = .61; P < .01]), time in bed (433.3 vs 489.3 min [r = .74; P < .01]), and sleep efficiency (77% vs 86% [r = .45; P = .005]). The measure of wake after sleep onset was higher from actigraphy than from TM, with a weak relationship between the 2 measures (median 47.9 vs 6.0 min [r = .31; P = .05]). TM is a novel and feasible method for sleep assessment in racial/ethnic minority adults with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes.