Heavy metal profile of surface and ground water samples from the Niger Delta region of Nigeria: a systematic review and meta-analysis

This systematic review and meta-analysis estimated the pooled mean levels of heavy metals in ground and surface water samples obtained from the Niger Delta region of Nigeria (NDRN). PUBMED and Google Scholar databases were searched for studies published between 2000 and 2019, which assessed the leve...

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Published inEnvironmental monitoring and assessment Vol. 194; no. 1; p. 46
Main Authors Umeoguaju, Francis Uchenna, Akaninwor, Joyce Oronne, Essien, Eka Bassey, Amadi, Benjamin A.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Cham Springer International Publishing 01.01.2022
Springer Nature B.V
Subjects
Anthropogenic Effects
Anthropogenic factors
Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution
Cadmium
Chromium
Drinking water
Earth and Environmental Science
Ecology
Ecotoxicology
Enforcement
Environment
Environmental Management
Environmental Monitoring
Environmental science
Groundwater
Heavy metals
Meta-analysis
Metals, Heavy - analysis
Monitoring/Environmental Analysis
Niger
Nigeria
Search engines
Surface water
Systematic review
Water analysis
Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis
Water sampling
Water sources
Nigeria
Niger
Niger Delta
Water
Niger Delta Nigeria
Environment
Pollution
Crude oil
Heavy metals
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Summary:This systematic review and meta-analysis estimated the pooled mean levels of heavy metals in ground and surface water samples obtained from the Niger Delta region of Nigeria (NDRN). PUBMED and Google Scholar databases were searched for studies published between 2000 and 2019, which assessed the levels of heavy metals in natural water samples obtained from the NDRN. Thirty one (31) studies which had a total of 951 water samples were identified. The pooled mean estimate (PME) from the meta-analysis indicates that the levels of Ni, Cd, Cr, and Pb in the majority of the natural water bodies from the NDRN are higher than the WHO safe permissible limit for drinking water. The contributions of prevailing anthropogenic activities to the observed heavy metal profiles of natural water sources from the NDRN were discussed. Stricter enforcement of safe environmental practices is necessary to protect the lives of the over 30 million inhabitants of this oil rich region.
ISSN:0167-6369
1573-2959
DOI:10.1007/s10661-021-09688-6