Preliminary Exploration of MAGE-B1, -B4, -B5, and -B10 mRNA Expression in Canine Mammary Tumors in Dogs

• Published in: Animals (Basel) Vol. 15; no. 7; p. 910
• Main Authors: Srisawat, Wanwisa, Koonyosying, Pongpisid, Muenthaisong, Anucha, Sangkakam, Kanokwan, Varinrak, Thanya, Sthitmatee, Nattawooti
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 21.03.2025
• Subjects: Antigens; Breast cancer; Cancer; Cancer therapies; Cancer vaccines; canine mammary tumors; Care and treatment; Cell culture; Chemical tests and reagents; Chemotherapy; Chromosomes; Cloning; DNA methylation; Dogs; Enzymes; Epigenetics; Gene expression; Genes; Genetic aspects; Immunotherapy; Medical research; Medicine, Experimental; Melanoma; melanoma-associated antigen-B; Messenger RNA; Metastasis; Methylation; mRNA expression; Penicillin; quantitative real-time PCR; Surgery; Tumors; Vaccines; Veterinary medicine; United Kingdom; Thailand; United States; Massachusetts; Chiang Mai Thailand; United Kingdom > UK; United States > US; canine mammary tumors; quantitative real-time PCR; melanoma-associated antigen-B; mRNA expression
• ISSN: 2076-2615; 2076-2615
• DOI: 10.3390/ani15070910

The melanoma-associated antigen gene (MAGE) is a key target in cancer immunotherapy. Given the potential of MAGE-B genes in veterinary immunotherapy for canine mammary tumors (CMTs), this study investigated the mRNA expression of MAGE-B1, -B4, -B5, and -B10 in CMT tissues and cells from dogs. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to analyze 28 CMT tissue samples, including 4 benign and 24 malignant tumors (13 simple carcinomas, 6 complex carcinomas, 3 carcinosarcomas, and 2 fibrosarcomas). Benign mixed tumor and complex carcinoma-type CMT cells were cultured and treated with a DNA methylase inhibitor (5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine; 5-aza-CdR) and a histone deacetylase inhibitor (Trichostatin A; TSA) under the following four conditions: (1) 5-aza-CdR for 72 h; (2) TSA for 24 h; (3) 5-aza-CdR for 48 h followed by TSA for 24 h; and (4) control. MAGE-B1 and -B4 showed the highest expression in the CMT samples (100% and 89.29%, respectively), followed by MAGE-B10 (82.14%). Carcinosarcomas and simple anaplastic carcinomas had significantly higher MAGE-B expression levels than simple tubulopapillary carcinomas (p < 0.05). 5-aza-CdR treatment increased MAGE-B expression, whereas TSA had a mild effect. Further research involving larger cohorts is needed to confirm these findings.