Tet Enzyme-Mediated Response in Environmental Stress and Stress-Related Psychiatric Diseases

Mental disorders caused by stress have become a worldwide public health problem. These mental disorders are often the results of a combination of genes and environment, in which epigenetic modifications play a crucial role. At present, the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms of mental disorders such a...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inMolecular neurobiology Vol. 60; no. 3; pp. 1594 - 1608
Main Authors Xia, Meiling, Yan, Rui, Kim, Myoung-Hwan, Xu, Xingshun
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published New York Springer US 01.03.2023
Springer Nature B.V
Subjects
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Cell Biology
CpG islands
Demethylation
DNA - metabolism
DNA methylation
DNA Methylation - genetics
Environmental stress
Enzymes
Epigenesis, Genetic
Epigenetics
Gene expression
Gene regulation
Humans
Mental Disorders
Neurobiology
Neurology
Neurosciences
Nucleotide sequence
Oxidation-Reduction
Post traumatic stress disorder
Public health
Tet enzymes
5hmC
DNA methylation
Stress
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Summary:Mental disorders caused by stress have become a worldwide public health problem. These mental disorders are often the results of a combination of genes and environment, in which epigenetic modifications play a crucial role. At present, the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms of mental disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder or depression caused by environmental stress are not entirely clear. Although many epigenetic modifications affect gene regulation, the most well-known modification in eukaryotic cells is the DNA methylation of CpG islands. Stress causes changes in DNA methylation in the brain to participate in the neuronal function or mood-modulating behaviors, and these epigenetic modifications can be passed on to offspring. Ten-eleven translocation (Tet) enzymes are the 5-methylcytosine (5mC) hydroxylases of DNA, which recognize 5mC on the DNA sequence and oxidize it to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5fC), and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC). Tet regulates gene expression at the transcriptional level through the demethylation of DNA. This review will elaborate on the molecular mechanism and the functions of Tet enzymes in environmental stress-related disorders and discuss future research directions.
ISSN:0893-7648
1559-1182
DOI:10.1007/s12035-022-03168-9