Epigenetic modifications of Klotho expression in kidney diseases

• Published in: Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) Vol. 99; no. 5; pp. 581 - 592
• Main Authors: Xia, Jinkun, Cao, Wangsen
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.05.2021; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Animals; Biomarkers - metabolism; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biomedicine; Derepression; Disease Progression; DNA methylation; DNA Methylation - genetics; Epigenesis, Genetic; Epigenetics; Histone Code - genetics; Histones; Human Genetics; Humans; Internal Medicine; Kidney diseases; Kidney Diseases - genetics; Kidney Diseases - metabolism; Klotho protein; Klotho Proteins - genetics; Klotho Proteins - metabolism; Mice; MicroRNAs - genetics; miRNA; Molecular Medicine; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Review; Epigenetics; DNA methylation; Histone acetylation; Kidney diseases; Klotho; miRNA interference
• ISSN: 0946-2716; 1432-1440
• DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02044-8

Developments of many renal diseases are substantially influenced by epigenetic modifications of numerous genes, mainly mediated by DNA methylations, histone modifications, and microRNA interference; however, not all gene modifications causally affect the disease onset or progression. Klotho is a critical gene whose repressions in various pathological conditions reportedly involve epigenetic regulatory mechanisms. Klotho is almost unexceptionally repressed early after acute or chronic renal injuries and its levels inversely correlated with the disease progression and severity. Moreover, the strategies of Klotho derepression via epigenetic modulations beneficially change the pathological courses both in vitro and in vivo. Hence, Klotho is not only considered a biomarker of the renal disease but also a potential or even an ideal target of therapeutic epigenetic intervention. Here, we summarize and discuss studies that investigate the Klotho repression and intervention in renal diseases from an epigenetic point of view. These information might shed new sights into the effective therapeutic strategies to prevent and treat various renal disorders.