Constructing Explicit Prejudice: Evidence From Large Sample Datasets

• Published in: Personality & social psychology bulletin Vol. 49; no. 4; pp. 541 - 553
• Main Authors: Lee, Kent M., Lindquist, Kristen A., Payne, B. Keith
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Los Angeles, CA SAGE Publications 01.04.2023; SAGE PUBLICATIONS, INC
• Subjects: African Americans; Bias; Black or African American; Constructionism; Dynamic models; Emotions; Experiments; Fear; Humans; National elections; Negative emotions; Politics; Prejudice; Sympathy; Time series; United States; United States; social cognition; explicit prejudice; prejudice/stereotyping; implicit bias
• ISSN: 0146-1672; 1552-7433
• DOI: 10.1177/01461672221075926

How does implicit bias contribute to explicit prejudice? Prior experiments show that concept knowledge about fear versus sympathy determines whether negative affect (captured as implicit bias) predicts antisocial outcomes (Lee et al.). Concept knowledge (i.e., beliefs) about groups may similarly moderate the link between implicitly measured negative affect (implicit negative affect) and explicit prejudice. We tested this hypothesis using data from the American National Election Studies (ANES) 2008 Time Series Study (Study 1) and Project Implicit (Study 2). In both studies, participants high in implicit negative affect reported more explicit prejudice if they possessed negative beliefs about Black Americans. Yet, participants high in implicit negative affect reported less explicit prejudice if they possessed fewer negative beliefs about Black Americans. The results are consistent with psychological constructionist and dynamic models of evaluation and offer a more ecologically valid extension of our past laboratory work.