Potential Application of Intestinal Organoids in Intestinal Diseases

• Published in: Stem cell reviews and reports Vol. 20; no. 1; pp. 124 - 137
• Main Authors: Liu, Wenxiu, Wang, Qian, Bai, Yanrui, Xiao, Han, Li, Zhunduo, Wang, Yan, Wang, Qi, Yang, Jing, Sun, Hui
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York Springer US 2024; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Animal models; Animals; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering; Cell Biology; Cell culture; Cell lines; Cell self-renewal; Drug screening; Epithelial cells; Gastrointestinal diseases; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Intestinal Mucosa - metabolism; Intestine; Intestines - pathology; Life Sciences; Organoids; Pathogenesis; Regenerative Medicine/Tissue Engineering; Stem Cells; Inflammatory bowel diseases; Disease modeling; Intestinal organoids; Stem cells
• ISSN: 2629-3269; 2629-3277
• DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10651-w

To accurately reveal the scenario and mecahnism of gastrointestinal diseases, the establishment of in vitro models of intestinal diseases and drug screening platforms have become the focus of attention. Over the past few decades, animal models and immortalized cell lines have provided valuable but limited insights into gastrointestinal research. In recent years, the development of intestinal organoid culture system has revolutionized in vitro studies of intestinal diseases. Intestinal organoids are derived from self-renewal and self-organization intestinal stem cells (ISCs), which can replicate the genetic characteristics, functions, and structures of the original tissues. Consequently, they provide new stragety for studying various intestinal diseases in vitro. In the review, we will discuss the culture techniques of intestinal organoids and describe the use of intestinal organoids as research tools for intestinal diseases. The role of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) played in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases ( IBD ) and the treatment of intestinal epithelial dysfunction will be highlighted. Besides, we review the current knowledge on using intestinal organoids as models to study the pathogenesis of IBD caused by epithelial dysfunction and to develop new therapeutic approaches. Finally, we shed light on the current challenges of using intestinal organoids as in vitro models. Graphical Abstract