Standard Adult Gastric Emptying Scintigraphy Criteria Is Applicable for Partial Meal Ingestion

• Published in: Digestive diseases and sciences Vol. 68; no. 2; pp. 541 - 553
• Main Authors: Shah, Hina, Sundar, Reethy, Prado, David E. Arboleda, Dong, Jian W., Chow, David Z., Kuo, Braden, Voss, Stephan D., Jacene, Heather A., Robertson, Matthew S., Ng, Thomas S. C.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York Springer US 01.02.2023; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Adult; Adults; Biochemistry; Clinical medicine; Eating; Gastric Emptying; Gastroenterology; Hepatology; Humans; Meals; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Motility; Nuclear medicine; Oncology; Original Article; Patients; Radionuclide Imaging; Retrospective Studies; Scintigraphy; Transplant Surgery; Nuclear medicine; Gastric emptying; Adult; Partial meals; Data clustering
• ISSN: 0163-2116; 1573-2568
• DOI: 10.1007/s10620-022-07667-6

Background/Aims Gastric emptying scintigraphy is commonly performed to assess for dysmotility. A standardized meal with associated threshold criteria was established in 2000 to enable robust interpretation. However, no guidance is available to interpret results when patients do not ingest the entire meal. The purpose of this study is to determine the continued appropriateness of the threshold criteria in contemporary clinical practice and its relevance for partially ingested meals. Methods This retrospective study analyzed patients ( n  = 1365 total) who underwent solid-phase gastric emptying scintigraphy at an academic medical center. Patients were stratified based on their completion of the standard meal. Patients were further stratified into normal and delayed gastric emptying cohorts based on the current criteria. Percent gastric retention values at 1, 2, 3, and 4 h were compared. Results Median (95% upper reference) normal gastric retention values for the complete standard meal were 64% (87%) at 1 h, 25% (60%) at 2 h, 13% (54%) at 3 h and 4% (9%) at 4 h. Consumption of at least 50% of the standard meal yielded similar retention; 53% (86%) at 1 h, 19% (58%) at 2 h, 6% (29%) at 3 h and 3% (10%) at 4 h. There was no significant age- or gender-specific differences using the current criteria, and no differences were observed based on diabetic status. Retention values matched well with the current criteria and validated with data-driven clustering. Conclusion Adult normative standards for gastric emptying scintigraphy are appropriate for differentiating normal and delayed populations and can be applied to partial meals with at least 50% completion.