Encapsulation of carvacrol and thymol with yeast cell wall and its repellent activity against Amblyomma sculptum and Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Sensu Lato)

• Published in: Experimental & applied acarology Vol. 92; no. 3; pp. 555 - 565
• Main Authors: da Silva Costa, Jhone Robson, do Vale, Tassia Lopes, da Silva, Geovane Ferreira, da Silva, Naylene Carvalho Sales, da Silva Lima, Aldilene, Costa-Junior, Lívio Martins, Luz, Hermes Ribeiro
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cham Springer International Publishing 01.04.2024; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Acaricides - pharmacology; Amblyomma; Amblyomma sculptum; Animal Ecology; Animal Genetics and Genomics; Animal Systematics/Taxonomy/Biogeography; Animals; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Carvacrol; Cell Wall - drug effects; Cell walls; Cymenes - pharmacology; Encapsulation; Entomology; Filter paper; Insect Repellents - pharmacology; Life Sciences; Monoterpenes - pharmacology; Nymph - drug effects; Nymph - growth & development; Nymphs; Parasitic diseases; Repellency; Repellents; Rhipicephalus sanguineus; Rhipicephalus sanguineus - drug effects; Saccharomyces cerevisiae - drug effects; Terpenes; Thymol; Thymol - pharmacology; Tick-borne diseases; Ticks; Yeast; Yeasts; Monoterpene; Microencapsulation; Tick; Natural repellents; Essential oils; DEET
• ISSN: 0168-8162; 1572-9702; 1572-9702
• DOI: 10.1007/s10493-023-00896-y

The main way to avoid contact with ticks and consequently tick-borne disease is the use of synthetic repellents. The search of new repellent compounds to increase the possibilities of use in strategies controls are necessary. The present study evaluated the repellent activity of two natural terpenes carvacrol and thymol in each one two different formulation (encapsulated and nonencapsulated with yeast cell wall) against the ticks Amblyomma sculptum and Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato nymphs. Nymphs of A. sculptum and R. sanguineus s.l. of a single generation were used. The vertical filter paper repellency assay were performed with different concentration of both terpenes encapsulated and nonencapsulated in yeast cell wall. The repellent concentration 50% (RC 50 ) were calculated to each compound formulation. Both carvacrol and thymol (encapsulated and nonencapsulated), had a repellent activity against A. sculptum and R. sanguineus s.l nymphs. Amblyomma sculptum was more sensitive to nonencapsulated carvacrol (RC 50 values: 0.0032 to 0.0082 mg/cm 2 after 1 and 15 min) ( P  < 0.05), while R. sanguineus s.l. was more sensitive to encapsulated carvacrol (RC 50 values: 0.00008 to 0.0035 mg/cm 2 after 1 and 15 min) ( P  < 0.05). Among tick species, R. sanguineus s.l. was more sensitive for most compounds than A. sculptum ( P  < 0.05). Although with distinct repellent activities, carvacrol and thymol encapsulated can be a promising alternative to synthetic repellents against A. sculptum and R. sanguineus s.l.