Habitat sensitivity in the West African coastal area: inferences and implications for regional adaptations to climate change and ocean acidification

• Published in: Environmental monitoring and assessment Vol. 196; no. 1; p. 79
• Main Authors: Chukwuka, Azubuike Victor, Omogbemi, Emmanuel Dami, Adeogun, Aina O.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cham Springer International Publishing 01.01.2024; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Acidification; Analysis; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution; Calcite; Carbon; Carbonates; Chlorophyll; Chlorophyll a; Climate adaptation; Climate Change; Climate change adaptation; Coastal ecology; Coastal management; Coastal resources; Coastal waters; Coastal zone; Coastal zone management; Coasts; Conservation; Correlation analysis; Earth and Environmental Science; Ecology; Economic development; Ecosystem; Ecotoxicology; Environment; Environmental Management; Environmental Monitoring; Fisheries; Habitats; Hot spots; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Industrialization; Marine ecosystems; Marine resources; Monitoring/Environmental Analysis; Ocean Acidification; Organic carbon; Particulate organic carbon; pH effects; Regional development; Runoff; Sea surface; Sea surface temperature; Sea surface temperature analysis; Seawater; Sensitivity analysis; Socioeconomic aspects; Surface temperature; Surface water; Temperature; Temperature analysis; Vulnerability; Sierra Leone; Mauritania; Togo; Nigeria; Senegal; Guinea Bissau; Coastal waters; Spatial patterns; Ecosystem management; West Africa; Climate change effects
• ISSN: 0167-6369; 1573-2959
• DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-12171-z

This study focuses on assessing coastal vulnerability and habitat sensitivity along the West African coast by delineating hotspots based on surface temperature, pH, chlorophyll-a, particulate organic carbon, and carbonate concentrations between 2018 and 2023 depending on data availability. Initial exploration of these variables revealed two distinct focal points i.e., the Togo-Nigerian coastal stretch and the stretch from Sierra Leone to Mauritania. Lower pH trends (acidification) in surface waters were observed off the West African coast, particularly in areas around the south-south Niger Delta in Nigeria and the coastal regions of Guinea and Guinea Bissau. Sea surface temperature analysis revealed highest temperatures (27–30°C) within Nigeria to Guinea coastal stretch, intermediate temperatures (24–27°C) within the Guinea Bissau and Senegal coastal stretch, and the lowest temperatures off the coast of Mauritania. Furthermore, correlation analysis between sea surface temperature and calcite concentration in the Mauritania-Senegal hotspot, as well as between overland runoff and particulate organic carbon in the Togo-Nigeria hotspot, revealed strong positive associations ( r> 0.60) and considerable predictive variability ( R 2 ≈ 0.40). From the habitat sensitivity analysis, certain regions, including Cape Verde, Côte d’Ivoire, Nigeria, Senegal, and Sierra Leone, exhibited high sensitivity due to environmental challenges and strong human dependence on coastal resources. Conversely, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, and Togo displayed lower sensitivity, influenced by geographical-related factors (e.g. coastal layout, topography, etc.) and current levels of economic development (relatively lower industrialization levels). Regional pH variations in West African coastal waters have profound implications for ecosystems, fisheries, and communities. Addressing these challenges requires collaborative regional policies to safeguard shared marine resources. These findings underscore the link between ecosystem health, socioeconomics, and the need for integrated coastal management and ongoing research to support effective conservation.