Phytochemical Screening and Bioactivity Studies of Endophytes Cladosporium sp. Isolated from the Endangered Plant Vateria Indica Using In Silico and In Vitro Analysis

• Published in: Applied biochemistry and biotechnology Vol. 194; no. 10; pp. 4546 - 4569
• Main Authors: Isaq, Mona, Somu, Prathap, Acharya, Diptikanta, Gomez, Levin Anbu, Thathapudi, Jesse Joel, Ramachandra, Yerappa Lakshmikanth, Rudraiah, Sunitha Bommanahalli, Ravi, Pooja, Rai, Padmalatha S., Rosalin, Rosina, Poojari, Chandrappa Chinna, Lee, Yong Rok
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York Springer US 01.10.2022; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Anticancer properties; Antiinfectives and antibacterials; Antimicrobial activity; Antimicrobial agents; Antioxidants; Antitumor activity; Benzoic acid; Bfl-1 protein; Bioactive compounds; Biochemistry; Biological activity; Biotechnology; Cancer; Chemistry; Chemistry and Materials Science; Chromatography; Cladosporium; Colchicine; Drug development; Endangered plants; Endangered species; Endophytes; Fourier transforms; Fungi; Gas chromatography; High performance liquid chromatography; Infrared analysis; Infrared spectroscopy; Liquid chromatography; Mass spectrometry; Mass spectroscopy; Original Article; Phytochemicals; Plant extracts; Screening; Spectrophotometry; Thin layer chromatography; Vateria indica; Endophyte fungi; Antimitotic activity; Bfl-1 protein; Antioxidant activity; Hydroxymethyl colchicine; Vateria indica; Cladosporium
• ISSN: 0273-2289; 1559-0291
• DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-03933-5

Vateria indica is persistent tree used in Unani sources for the medication and classified as critically endangered. Thus, endophytes for alternative methods to explore these endangered Plants having rich source pharmaceuticals’ active molecules for drug development and production. Endophytes comprises unexplored microbes as a potential source of rich pharmaceutically bioactive compounds attributable to their relationship with the host. In the current study, we have isolated endophyte fungi Cladosporium from the plant Vateria indica and performed phytochemical screening of its ethanolic extract to detect the phytochemicals using thin layer chromatography (TLC), gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), UV–visible spectrophotometry (UV–VIS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). GC–MS analysis revealed the presence of an anticancer compound hydroxymethyl colchicine, antioxidant compound benzoic acid, and antimicrobial 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-5-nitro in endophyte fungal extract of plant Vateria indica . Moreover, in silico analysis of bioactive compounds identified by GC–MS analysis using the Autodock Vina and SwissADME confirmed excellent anticancer activity methanone, [4-amino-2-[(phenylmethyl) amino]-5-thiazolyl] (4-fluorophenyl)- and hydroxymethyl colchicine against 6VO4 (Bfl-1 protein) as per Lipinski rule. Furthermore, we also demonstrated the excellent antioxidant of endophytic extract compared to plant extract by DPPH and ABTS assay, as well as antimicrobial activity against both Gram (+ ve) and Gram (− ve) bacteria. Moreover, the endophytic extract also showed its antimitotic activity with a mitotic index of 65.32, greater than the plant extract of 32.56 at 10 mg/ml. Thus endophytic fungi Cladosporium species isolated from plant Vateria indica might be used as a potential source for phytochemical anticancer hydroxymethyl colchicine, an antioxidant benzoic acid, and antimicrobial 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-5-nitro.