Leaf surfaces and the bioavailability of pesticide residues

• Published in: Pest management science Vol. 57; no. 5; pp. 403 - 412
• Main Authors: Chowdhury, A B M Nasir U, Jepson, Paul C, Howse, Philip E, Ford, Martyn G
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Chichester, UK John Wiley & Sons, Ltd 01.05.2001; Wiley
• Subjects: Animal, plant and microbial ecology; Animals; Applied ecology; Arthropods; bioavailability; Biological and medical sciences; Biological Assay; Crops, Agricultural - anatomy & histology; deltamethrin; dimethoate; Dimethoate - analysis; Dimethoate - toxicity; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Ecotoxicology, biological effects of pollution; Effects of pollution and side effects of pesticides on protozoa and invertebrates; Fabaceae - anatomy & histology; Fabaceae - chemistry; Folsomia candida; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Hordeum - anatomy & histology; Hordeum - chemistry; In Vitro Techniques; Insecticides - analysis; Insecticides - toxicity; leaf surface; Lethal Dose 50; Nitriles; Pesticide Residues - analysis; Pesticide Residues - toxicity; Plant Epidermis - anatomy & histology; Plant Epidermis - chemistry; Plant Leaves - anatomy & histology; Plant Leaves - chemistry; Plants, Medicinal; Pyrethrins - analysis; Pyrethrins - toxicity; Time Factors; Folsomia candida; Monocotyledones; Insecticide; Toxicity; Insecta; Non target effect; Pyrethroids; Cereal crop; Dose activity relation; Pest management; Gramineae; Dicotyledones; Angiospermae; Chemical control; Dimethoate; Deltamethrin; Meiofauna; Laboratory study; Ecotoxicology; Hordeum vulgare; Pesticides; Plant leaf; Bioavailability; Grain legume; Isotomidae; Lethal dose 50; Leguminosae; Phaseolus vulgaris; Residue; Arthropoda; Collembola; Organophosphorus compounds; Spermatophyta; Pollutant effect; Invertebrata; Non target organism
• ISSN: 1526-498X; 1526-4998
• DOI: 10.1002/ps.311

Laboratory bioassays were carried out to determine the toxicity to Folsomia candida Willem (Collembola: Isotomidae) of residues of a pyrethroid insecticide, deltamethrin, and an organophosphorus insecticide, dimethoate, on different leaf surfaces. The test leaves included a range of species and leaves of different ages. Dose‐response relationships were estimated for F candida walking over the various treated leaf substrates. Probit analysis was used to estimate the means and standard deviations of the associated tolerance distributions expressed as g AI ha−1. Parallelism tests were undertaken to compare the susceptibilities of F candida to the two compounds applied to the different leaf surfaces. On deltamethrin‐treated leaf surfaces, the LD50 values for F candida varied from 6.36 to 77.14 g AI ha−1. F candida was least susceptible to deltamethrin residues when applied to leaves of dwarf bean (Phaseolus vulgarus L) and the highest susceptibility was observed following application to leaves of seedlings of barley (Hordeum vulgare L). In contrast, the LD50 values observed for dimethoate treatments did not differ significantly between leaf types, ranging from 1.35 to 8.69 g AI ha−1. The laboratory data on susceptibility of F candida on different leaf types for different pesticides can be used to investigate the role of leaf surface properties in modifying the toxicity of applied pesticides to exposed invertebrates. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry