Origami paper-based sample preconcentration using sequentially driven ion concentration polarization

• Published in: Lab on a chip Vol. 21; no. 5; pp. 867 - 874
• Main Authors: Lee, Junwoo, Yoo, Yong Kyoung, Lee, Dohwan, Kim, Cheonjung, Kim, Kang Hyeon, Lee, Seungmin, Kwak, Seungmin, Kang, Ji Yoon, Kim, Hyungsuk, Yoon, Dae Sung, Hur, Don, Lee, Jeong Hoon
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Royal Society of Chemistry 07.03.2021
• Subjects: Biomolecules; Electric fields; Electrokinetics; Ion concentration; Ions; Polarization
• ISSN: 1473-0197; 1473-0189
• DOI: 10.1039/d0lc01032d

Ion concentration polarization (ICP) is one of the preconcentration techniques which can acquire a high preconcentration factor. Still, the main hurdles of ICP are its instability and low efficiency under physiological conditions with high ionic strength and abundant biomolecules. Here, we suggested a sequentially driven ICP process, which enhanced the electrokinetic force required for preconcentration, enabling enrichment of highly ionic raw samples without increasing the electric field. We acquired a 13-fold preconcentration factor (PF) in human serum using a paper-based origami structure consisting of multiple layers for three-dimensional sequential ICP (3D seq-ICP). Moreover, we demonstrated a paper-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) by 3D seq-ICP using tau protein, showing a 6-fold increase in ELISA signals. To overcome the hurdles of the ICP-based preconcentrator ( i.e. , instability and low efficiency) under physiological conditions, we proposed a novel approach by using a sequentially driven ICP process, showing a 13-fold preconcentration factor (PF) in human serum.