The effects of enteral tube feeding and parenteral nutrition on appetite sensations and food intake in health and disease

Enteral tube feeding (ETF) and parenteral nutrition (PN) are unphysiological methods of feeding. They may not elicit the cephalic phase response because part or all of the gastrointestinal tract is bypassed, nutrients are typically given in liquid form by a continuous infusion over many hours and of...

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Published inClinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) Vol. 18; no. 2; pp. 63 - 70
Main Authors Stratton, R.J., Elia, M.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Kidlington Elsevier Ltd 01.04.1999
Elsevier
Subjects
Anesthesia. Intensive care medicine. Transfusions. Cell therapy and gene therapy
Animals
Appetite
Biological and medical sciences
Eating
Emergency and intensive care: metabolism and nutrition disorders. Enteral and parenteral nutrition
Enteral Nutrition
foodintake
Health Status
Humans
Intensive care medicine
Medical sciences
parenteral nutrition
Parenteral Nutrition, Total
enteral nutrition
appetite
foodintake
parenteral nutrition
Appetite
Human
Feeding behavior
Appetitivity
Nutrition
Pathophysiology
Enteral administration
Parenteral administration
Feeding
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Summary:Enteral tube feeding (ETF) and parenteral nutrition (PN) are unphysiological methods of feeding. They may not elicit the cephalic phase response because part or all of the gastrointestinal tract is bypassed, nutrients are typically given in liquid form by a continuous infusion over many hours and often overnight while patients sleep. Work conducted in animals, healthy subjects and patients suggests that nutrients delivered as ETF or PN are less effective in relieving appetite sensations than food intake. Distressing appetite sensations may even occur despite the provision by artificial nutrition of sufficient nutrients to meet requirements. The energy provided by ETF and PN is largely additional to oral food intake in humans eating ad libitum, although the extent to which this occurs may decrease with time. There is a need to establish ways (e.g. nutritional, pharmacological, psychological) to suppress appetite sensations and food intake when eating is contraindicated, and to enhance them when weaning from artificial nutrition is desirable.
Bibliography:ObjectType-Article-2
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ISSN:0261-5614
1532-1983
DOI:10.1016/S0261-5614(99)80053-3