Immunotherapy in biliary tract cancers: Current evidence and future perspectives

Bile duct tumors are comprised of tumors that originate from both intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts and gallbladder tumors. These are aggressive tumors and chemotherapy is still the main treatment for advanced-stage disease and most of these cases have a poor overall survival. Strategies are...

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Published inWorld journal of gastrointestinal oncology Vol. 14; no. 8; pp. 1446 - 1455
Main Authors Uson Junior, Pedro Luiz Serrano, Araujo, Raphael LC
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Baishideng Publishing Group Inc 15.08.2022
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Summary:Bile duct tumors are comprised of tumors that originate from both intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts and gallbladder tumors. These are aggressive tumors and chemotherapy is still the main treatment for advanced-stage disease and most of these cases have a poor overall survival. Strategies are aimed at treatments with better outcomes and less toxicity which makes immunotherapy an area of ​​significant importance. Recent Food and Drug Administration approvals of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) for agnostic tumors based on biomarkers such as microsatellite instability-high and tumor mutation burden-high are important steps in the treatment of patients with advanced bile duct tumors. Despite limited responses with isolated checkpoint inhibitors in later lines of systemic treatment in advanced disease, drug combination strategies have been demonstrating encouraging results to enhance ICI efficacy.
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Author contributions: Araujo RLC and Uson Junior PLS performed the literature review, collected all the data and wrote the manuscript; All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.
Corresponding author: Raphael LC Araujo, MD, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Surgical Oncologist, Department of Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Napoleão de Barros, 715, São Paulo 04039-002, Brazil. raphael.l.c.araujo@gmail.com
ISSN:1948-5204
1948-5204
DOI:10.4251/wjgo.v14.i8.1446