Cavernous sinus lesions

The cavernous sinus is a complex structure susceptible to a wide variety of vascular, neoplastic and inflammatory pathologies. Vascular pathologies include ICA aneurysms, carotid-cavernous fistulas, cavernous sinus thrombosis, and cavernous hemangioma. Neoplasms that involve the cavernous sinus incl...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inClinical imaging Vol. 68; pp. 71 - 89
Main Authors Munawar, Kamran, Nayak, Gopi, Fatterpekar, Girish M., Sen, Chandra, Zagzag, David, Zan, Elcin, Hagiwara, Mari
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Philadelphia Elsevier Inc 01.12.2020
Elsevier Limited
Subjects
Adenoma
Aneurysms
Asymmetry
Blood clots
Brain cancer
Carotid-cavernous fistula
Cavernous sinus
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
Diplopia
Embolization
Fistula
Granulomatosis
Head and neck
Hemangioma
Immunoglobulin G
Infections
Inflammatory diseases
Invasiveness
Lymphoma
Medical imaging
Meningioma
Metastases
Neoplasia
Neoplasms
Neuroradiology
Pathology
Pituitary
Sarcoidosis
Schwann cells
Sinuses
Thromboembolism
Thrombosis
Tolosa-Hunt syndrome
Tumors
Veins & arteries
Cavernous sinus
Tolosa-Hunt syndrome
Head and neck
Carotid-cavernous fistula
Neuroradiology
Meningioma
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Summary:The cavernous sinus is a complex structure susceptible to a wide variety of vascular, neoplastic and inflammatory pathologies. Vascular pathologies include ICA aneurysms, carotid-cavernous fistulas, cavernous sinus thrombosis, and cavernous hemangioma. Neoplasms that involve the cavernous sinus include pituitary adenoma, meningioma, schwannoma, lymphoma, perineural tumor spread, metastases, and direct tumor invasion. Infectious and inflammatory diseases include Tolosa-Hunt syndrome, sarcoidosis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, IgG-4 related disease and invasive fungal infections. In this article, we review the clinical and imaging findings of a number of pathologies involving the cavernous sinus, focusing on key features that can narrow the differential diagnosis and, in some cases, support a particular diagnosis. •The cavernous sinus is susceptible to vascular, neoplastic and inflammatory pathologies.•Imaging helps characterize lesions and delineates their extent.•Key clinical and imaging features can narrow the differential diagnosis.
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ISSN:0899-7071
1873-4499
DOI:10.1016/j.clinimag.2020.06.029