Comparative cytotoxicity of low-osmolar nonionic and high-osmolar ionic contrast media to dog gallbladder epithelial cells

• Published in: Gastrointestinal endoscopy Vol. 55; no. 3; pp. 382 - 386
• Main Authors: Ju, Young-Min, Kim, Myung-Hwan, Lee, Sung-Koo, Seo, Dong-Wan, Min, Young-Il, Kim, Ji-Yeon
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York, NY Mosby, Inc 01.03.2002; Elsevier
• Subjects: Aneuploidy; Animals; Biological and medical sciences; Cell Count; Cell Cycle - drug effects; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde - adverse effects; Cholangitis - chemically induced; Contrast Media - administration & dosage; Contrast Media - toxicity; Digestive system; Dogs; Epithelial Cells - drug effects; Gallbladder - cytology; Investigative techniques, diagnostic techniques (general aspects); Iohexol - administration & dosage; Iohexol - analogs & derivatives; Iohexol - toxicity; Iothalamate Meglumine - administration & dosage; Iothalamate Meglumine - toxicity; Medical sciences; Pancreatitis - chemically induced; Pathology. Cytology. Biochemistry. Spectrometry. Miscellaneous investigative techniques; Biliary tract; Fissipedia; Carnivora; Osmolarity; Cytology; Cytotoxicity; Ions; Biology; X ray; Biliary tract disease; Molar concentration; Toxicology; Vertebrata; Sensitivity; Mammalia; Etiology; Animal; Digestive diseases; Epithelial cell; Complication; Dog; Activation analysis; Contrast media
• ISSN: 0016-5107; 1097-6779
• DOI: 10.1067/mge.2002.121595

Background: Most studies of the adverse effects of x-ray contrast media used in ERCP have focused on post-ERCP pancreatitis. However, the biliary epithelial cells are also exposed to contrast media during ERCP and acute cholangitis is also a serious complication of ERCP. The present study compared the cytotoxicity with gallbladder epithelial cells of ionic and nonionic contrast agents. Methods: A high-osmolar ionic contrast agent (meglumine ioxithalamate) and a low-osmolar nonionic contrast agent (iopromide) were tested. Monolayer cell cultures of dog gallbladder epithelial cells were used. The cells were exposed to the 2 contrast agents with increasing iodine concentration and osmolality for 2 days. Cell number, S-phase fraction, aneuploidy, and supernatant LDH activities were measured each day. Results: Cell growth was more severely inhibited by ioxithalamate than iopromide (p < 0.05) and strongly dependent on the osmolality of contrast agent. The cytostatic effect estimated by S-phase fraction was more pronounced for ioxithalamate. Chromosomal damage determined by aneuploidy was more frequently detected with ioxithalamate. Conclusions: High-osmolar ionic contrast media are more cytotoxic than low-osmolar nonionic contrast media to gallbladder epithelial cells. Animal and clinical studies are needed to estimate the clinical implications of these findings. (Gastrointest Endosc 2002;55:382-6.)