Antagonism of myotoxic and paralyzing activities of bothropstoxin-I by suramin

• Published in: Toxicon (Oxford) Vol. 42; no. 4; pp. 373 - 379
• Main Authors: de Oliveira, Maristela, Cavalcante, Walter L.G, Arruda, Emerson Z, Melo, Paulo A, Dal-Pai Silva, Maeli, Gallacci, Márcia
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Elsevier Ltd 01.09.2003
• Subjects: Animals; Antivenins - pharmacology; Bothropstoxin-I; Crotalid Venoms - antagonists & inhibitors; Crotalid Venoms - toxicity; Drug Antagonism; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Mice; Muscle paralysis; Muscle, Skeletal - drug effects; Muscle, Skeletal - pathology; Muscle, Skeletal - ultrastructure; Myonecrosis; Necrosis; Neuromuscular Junction - drug effects; Neuromuscular Junction - pathology; Neuromuscular Junction - ultrastructure; Neurotoxins - antagonists & inhibitors; Neurotoxins - toxicity; Paralysis - chemically induced; Paralysis - drug therapy; Suramin; Suramin - pharmacology; Suramin; Muscle paralysis; Myonecrosis; Bothropstoxin-I
• ISSN: 0041-0101; 1879-3150
• DOI: 10.1016/S0041-0101(03)00166-1

Polyanionic substances are known to inhibit the myotoxic effects of some crotalide snake venoms. Bothropstoxin-I (BthTX-I), a basic Lys49 phospholipase (PLA 2) homologue from Bothrops jararacussu venom, besides inducing muscle damage, also promotes the blockade of both directly and indirectly evoked contractions in mouse neuromuscular preparation. In this work, we evaluated the ability of suramin, a polysulfonated naphtylurea derivative, to antagonize the myotoxic and the paralyzing activities of BthTX-I on mice neuromuscular junction in vitro. Myotoxicity was assessed by light and electronic microscopic analysis of extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles; paralyzing activity was evaluated through the recording of both directly and indirectly evoked contractions of phrenic-diaphragm (PD) preparations. BthTX-I (1 μM) alone, or pre-incubated with suramin (10 μM) at 37 °C for 15 min was added to the preparations for 120 min. BthTX-I induced histological alterations typical of myonecrosis in 14.6±1.0% of EDL muscle fibers. In addition, BthTX-I blocked 50% of both directly and indirectly evoked contractions in PD preparations in 72.1±9.1 and 21.1±2.0 min, respectively. Pre-incubation with suramin abolished both the muscle-damaging and muscle-paralyzing activities of BthTX-I. Since suramin is a polyanionic substance, we suggested that its effects result from the formation of inactive acid–base complexes with BthTX-I.