Application habits and practices of regular sunscreen users in the United States: Results of an online survey

• Published in: Food and chemical toxicology Vol. 181; p. 114093
• Main Authors: Norman, Kimberly G., Loretz, Linda, Kowcz, Alexandra, Kaufman, Lewis E., Ruvolo, Eduardo, Traudt, Michael, Santos, Idalina, RoseMansfield, Rachel, Nash, J Frank
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier Ltd 01.11.2023
• Subjects: Consumer survey; SPF; Sun protection factor; Sunscreen; Sunscreen reapplication patterns; Sunscreen usage habits; Sunscreen usage habits; SPF; Consumer survey; Sunscreen reapplication patterns; Sunscreen; Sun protection factor
• ISSN: 0278-6915; 1873-6351
• DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114093

A nationwide online survey assessed claimed usage of sunscreen products in 2283 self-identified regular sun protection factor (SPF) consumers (RSPFC) in the United States. Subjects applied sunscreen most frequently when spending more than 3 h in the sun. Sunscreen usage peaks during the summer, with sunny weather prompting 99% usage of beach/recreational SPF products but drops to approximately 50% and 30% on partly cloudy and cloudy days, respectively, regardless of SPF product category. About half of RSPFC augment sunscreen product usage by limiting time in the sun and wearing a hat. SPF products are not reapplied by approximately 20–60% of RSPFC, depending upon product category, and reapplication was less than 33% on cloudy and partly cloudy days. Primary reasons for reapplication were water exposure, number of hours in the sun, and being active/sweating, most notably for beach/recreational SPF products. Importantly, in children, 45% of parents reported “redness” as a signal for reapplying sunscreen product. Only 10% of respondents correctly identified sunscreen products as drugs. Based on these results, while sunscreens may share common ingredients and efficacy measures, their usage by consumers varies widely depending on product type, season, weather, gender, age, and geographical location. •Sunscreen products usage in the U.S. was reported by 2283 regular SPF consumers.•Subjects apply sunscreen most frequently if spending more than 3 h in the sun.•SPF products are not reapplied by 20–60% of regular users (product type-dependent).•For children, 45% of parents use “redness” as a signal to reapply sunscreen.•Only 10% of respondents correctly identified sunscreen products as drugs.