Operating conditions of buses in use in the Ile-de-France region of France for the evaluation of pollutant emissions

• Published in: Atmospheric environment (1994) Vol. 39; no. 13; pp. 2411 - 2420
• Main Authors: André, Michel, Garrot, Bénédicte, Roynard, Yves, Vidon, Robert, Tassel, Patrick, Perret, Pascal
• Format: Journal Article Conference Proceeding
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford Elsevier Ltd 01.04.2005; Elsevier Science
• Subjects: Applied sciences; Atmospheric pollution; Driving cycle; Exact sciences and technology; Instrumentation; Pollution; Pollution sources. Measurement results; Speed; Traffic; Transports; Vehicle; France; Europe; Ile-de-France; Vehicle; Speed; Driving cycle; Instrumentation; Traffic; Bus; GPS system; Vehicle driving; Air quality; Motor vehicle; Urban area; Traffic load; Pollutant emission; Public transportation; Geographic information system; Air pollution; Road traffic; Traffic congestion
• ISSN: 1352-2310; 1873-2844
• DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.10.048

This study is intended to link the pollutant emissions from buses to their driving conditions and to the urban context. Envisaged in the case of the Ile-de-France region of France, this procedure constitutes a methodological basis for characterising bus networks by using geographic and bus operation databases. Firstly, the bus routes are characterised by linking analyses of bus operating conditions and urban characteristics collected and managed by a Geographic Information System. This multidimensional analysis provides bus-route profiles according to the types of areas served. Secondly, one vehicle of a bus route from each of the categories thus defined was instrumented in order to measure its operating parameters during commercial use. The parameters measured include engine operation, the speed and location of the vehicle, passenger load, load linked to the road profile, and electrical and pneumatic loads. After outlining the methodological approach to network characterisation, a description is given of the instrumental protocol followed by the general results of the experiments. In all, over 25,000 km were recorded over 1600 h of driving, for which the main operating parameters were measured at time intervals of 1 s. Preliminary analyses (characterisation of urban areas) and the localisation of the recordings enable linking bus operating conditions with local specificities. The bus operating conditions (speeds, congestion, load, etc.) are analysed as a function of the routes and the geographical and urban specificities of the areas served. This data is then analysed in order to formulate driving cycles representative of real traffic conditions and that serve as the basis for measuring the real pollutant emissions of buses on a vehicle test bench. These driving cycles will then enable associating pollutant emissions with the corresponding driving conditions and geographical areas.