Expression of seven carbonic anhydrases in red alga Gracilariopsis chorda and their subcellular localization in a heterologous system, Arabidopsis thaliana

• Published in: Plant cell reports Vol. 38; no. 2; pp. 147 - 159
• Main Authors: Razzak, Md. Abdur, Lee, JunMo, Lee, Dong Wook, Kim, Jeong Hee, Yoon, Hwan Su, Hwang, Inhwan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.02.2019; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Algae; Arabidopsis - genetics; Arabidopsis thaliana; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biotechnology; Carbon dioxide; Carbonic anhydrases; Carbonic Anhydrases - classification; Carbonic Anhydrases - metabolism; Cell Biology; Computer Simulation; Cytosol; Endoplasmic Reticulum - metabolism; Fluorescence; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; Gene sequencing; Genes; Genomes; Glycosylation; Golgi Apparatus - metabolism; Gracilariopsis chorda; Green fluorescent protein; Green Fluorescent Proteins - metabolism; Hydrophobicity; Isoforms; Life Sciences; Localization; Mitochondria; Nucleotide sequence; Original Article; Photosynthesis; Phylogeny; Plant Biochemistry; Plant Sciences; Plants, Genetically Modified; Protein Transport; Proteins; Protoplasts; Protoplasts - metabolism; Rhodophyta - enzymology; Ribonucleic acid; RNA; Subcellular Fractions - metabolism; Vacuoles - metabolism; Carbonic anhydrase; CO; Phylogenetic tree; Subcellular localization; Red algae; Gracilariopsis chorda; CO2
• ISSN: 0721-7714; 1432-203X
• DOI: 10.1007/s00299-018-2356-8

Key message Red alga, Gracilariopsis chorda , contains seven carbonic anhydrases that can be grouped into α-, β- and γ-classes. Carbonic anhydrases (CAHs) are metalloenzymes that catalyze the reversible hydration of CO 2 . These enzymes are present in all living organisms and play roles in various cellular processes, including photosynthesis. In this study, we identified seven CAH genes ( GcCAHs ) from the genome sequence of the red alga Gracilariopsis chorda and characterized them at the molecular, cellular and biochemical levels. Based on sequence analysis, these seven isoforms were categorized into four α-class, one β-class, and two γ-class isoforms. RNA sequencing revealed that of the seven CAHs isoforms, six genes were expressed in G. chorda in light at room temperature. In silico analysis revealed that these seven isoforms localized to multiple subcellular locations such as the ER, mitochondria and cytosol. When expressed as green fluorescent protein fusions in protoplasts of Arabidopsis thaliana leaf cells, these seven isoforms showed multiple localization patterns. The four α-class GcCAHs with an N-terminal hydrophobic leader sequence localized to the ER and two of them were further targeted to the vacuole. GcCAHβ1 with no noticeable signal sequence localized to the cytosol. The two γ-class GcCAHs also localized to the cytosol, despite the presence of a predicted presequence. Based on these results, we propose that the red alga G. chorda also employs multiple CAH isoforms for various cellular processes such as photosynthesis.