Mitochondrial Metabolism Power SIRT2-Dependent Deficient Traffic Causing Alzheimer’s-Disease Related Pathology

• Published in: Molecular neurobiology Vol. 54; no. 6; pp. 4021 - 4040
• Main Authors: Silva, D. F., Esteves, A. R., Oliveira, C. R., Cardoso, S. M.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York Springer US 01.08.2017; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Acetylation; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alzheimer Disease - complications; Alzheimer Disease - metabolism; Alzheimer Disease - pathology; Alzheimer's disease; Animals; Autophagy; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biomedicine; Brain - pathology; Cell Biology; Cell Differentiation; Cell survival; Cognitive Dysfunction - complications; Cognitive Dysfunction - metabolism; Cognitive Dysfunction - pathology; Degradation; Female; Humans; Inhibition; Lysosomes - metabolism; Male; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial; Metabolism; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Microtubules - metabolism; Middle Aged; Mitochondria; Mitochondria - metabolism; Mitochondrial DNA; Mitochondrial Dynamics; Models, Biological; Neurobiology; Neurodegeneration; Neurodegenerative diseases; Neurology; Neurosciences; Pathology; Phagocytosis; Phosphorylation; Reproducibility of Results; Sirtuin 2 - metabolism; Stabilization; Survival; Traffic; Tubulin; Tubulin - metabolism; Autophagic-lysosomal pathway (ALP); Alzheimer’s disease (AD); Sirtuin-2 (SIRT2); Microtubules; Mitochondrial dynamics
• ISSN: 0893-7648; 1559-1182
• DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9951-x

Multiple lines of evidence state a major role for mitochondrial dysfunction in sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (AD) etiopathogenesis. However, the molecular mechanism(s) triggered by mitochondrial deficits that lead to neurodegeneration remain elusive. Herein, we propose a new mechanism by which mitochondrial loss of potential leads to a dysfunction in autophagy/mitophagy due to the overactivation of SIRT2, a tubulin deacetylase that regulates microtubule network acetylation, and provide insights into the association between metabolism, phosphorylation, and Aβ aggregation. We observed an increase in SIRT2 levels and a decrease in the acetylation of lys40 of tubulin in AD cells containing patient mtDNA as well as in AD brains. SIRT2 loss of function either with AK1 (a specific SIRT2 inhibitor) or by SIRT2 knockout recovers microtubule stabilization and improves autophagy, favoring cell survival through the elimination of toxic Aβ oligomers. Our data provide strong evidence for a functional role of tubulin acetylation on autophagic vesicle traffic and mitochondria degradation. We propose that SIRT2 inhibition may improve microtubule assembly thus representing a valid approach as disease-modifying therapy for AD.