Cerebrovascular pattern improved by ozone autohemotherapy: an entropy-based study on multiple sclerosis patients

• Published in: Medical & biological engineering & computing Vol. 55; no. 8; pp. 1163 - 1175
• Main Authors: Molinari, Filippo, Rimini, Daniele, Liboni, William, Acharya, U. Rajendra, Franzini, Marianno, Pandolfi, Sergio, Ricevuti, Giovanni, Vaiano, Francesco, Valdenassi, Luigi, Simonetti, Vincenzo
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.08.2017; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Adult; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering; Biomedicine; Blood Flow Velocity - drug effects; Brain; Brain - drug effects; Brain - physiopathology; Brain Mapping; Cerebrovascular Circulation - drug effects; Cerebrovascular system; Computer Applications; Empirical analysis; Entropy; Female; Frequency dependence; Human Physiology; Humans; I.R. radiation; Imaging; Infrared analysis; Infrared spectra; Infrared spectroscopy; Male; Metabolism; Multiple sclerosis; Multiple Sclerosis - physiopathology; Multiple Sclerosis - therapy; Near infrared radiation; Nonlinear analysis; Original Article; Oxygen Consumption - drug effects; Ozone; Ozone - administration & dosage; Patients; Radiology; Spectroscopic analysis; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared - methods; Thermodynamics; Time-frequency analysis; Treatment Outcome; Multiple sclerosis; Empirical mode decomposition; Ozone autohemotherapy; Time–frequency; Entropy; MANOVA; Cerebrovascular pattern; Near-infrared spectroscopy
• ISSN: 0140-0118; 1741-0444; 1741-0444
• DOI: 10.1007/s11517-016-1580-z

Ozone major autohemotherapy is effective in reducing the symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, but its effects on brain are still not clear. In this work, we have monitored the changes in the cerebrovascular pattern of MS patients and normal subjects during major ozone autohemotherapy by using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) as functional and vascular technique. NIRS signals are analyzed using a combination of time, time–frequency analysis and nonlinear analysis of intrinsic mode function signals obtained from empirical mode decomposition technique. Our results show that there is an improvement in the cerebrovascular pattern of all subjects indicated by increasing the entropy of the NIRS signals. Hence, we can conclude that the ozone therapy increases the brain metabolism and helps to recover from the lower activity levels which is predominant in MS patients.