Heteroatom doping of two-dimensional materials: From graphene to chalcogenides

[Display omitted] •Doping modifies physico-chemical properties of graphene and dichalcogenides.•Non-metal elements such as N, B, Si, P, and S are the common dopants to graphene.•Semiconducting dichalcogenide dopants include W, Co, Fe, Mn, Nb, Se and S.•Doped 2D materials exhibit improved performance...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inNano today Vol. 30; p. 100829
Main Authors Zhu, Haoyue, Gan, Xin, McCreary, Amber, Lv, Ruitao, Lin, Zhong, Terrones, Mauricio
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Elsevier Ltd 01.02.2020
Subjects
2D materials
Doping
Electronics
Graphene
Molybdenum disulfide
MoS2
Sensing
Sensor
TMD
Transition metal dichalcogenides
Tungsten disulfide
WS2
Molybdenum disulfide
MoS2
Graphene
Tungsten disulfide
2D materials
WS2
Doping
Electronics
Sensing
TMD
Transition metal dichalcogenides
Sensor
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN1748-0132
1878-044X
DOI10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829

Cover

Abstract [Display omitted] •Doping modifies physico-chemical properties of graphene and dichalcogenides.•Non-metal elements such as N, B, Si, P, and S are the common dopants to graphene.•Semiconducting dichalcogenide dopants include W, Co, Fe, Mn, Nb, Se and S.•Doped 2D materials exhibit improved performance as sensors and optoelectronic devices. In recent years, research on two-dimensional (2D) materials including graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), especially molybdenum and tungsten disulfides (MoS2 and WS2), has rapidly developed. In order to meet the increasing demands of using these 2D materials in fields as diverse as optoelectronics and sensing, heteroatom doping has become an effective method to tune their electronic and physico-chemical properties. This review discusses versatile doping methods applied to graphene and TMDCs, the corresponding changes to their properties, and their potential applications. Future perspectives and new emerging areas are also presented.
AbstractList [Display omitted] •Doping modifies physico-chemical properties of graphene and dichalcogenides.•Non-metal elements such as N, B, Si, P, and S are the common dopants to graphene.•Semiconducting dichalcogenide dopants include W, Co, Fe, Mn, Nb, Se and S.•Doped 2D materials exhibit improved performance as sensors and optoelectronic devices. In recent years, research on two-dimensional (2D) materials including graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), especially molybdenum and tungsten disulfides (MoS2 and WS2), has rapidly developed. In order to meet the increasing demands of using these 2D materials in fields as diverse as optoelectronics and sensing, heteroatom doping has become an effective method to tune their electronic and physico-chemical properties. This review discusses versatile doping methods applied to graphene and TMDCs, the corresponding changes to their properties, and their potential applications. Future perspectives and new emerging areas are also presented.
ArticleNumber 100829
Author Zhu, Haoyue
Lv, Ruitao
Terrones, Mauricio
McCreary, Amber
Gan, Xin
Lin, Zhong
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Haoyue
  surname: Zhu
  fullname: Zhu, Haoyue
  organization: Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Xin
  surname: Gan
  fullname: Gan, Xin
  organization: Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Amber
  surname: McCreary
  fullname: McCreary, Amber
  organization: Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Ruitao
  surname: Lv
  fullname: Lv, Ruitao
  organization: Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Zhong
  surname: Lin
  fullname: Lin, Zhong
  organization: Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Mauricio
  surname: Terrones
  fullname: Terrones, Mauricio
  email: mut11@psu.edu
  organization: Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
BookMark eNqFkM1KAzEUhYNUsK2-gYu8wNRkJpmfLgQpthWKbhTchUxyp02ZSUoSFN_elHHlQlf3cDnncO83QxPrLCB0S8mCElreHRdW2uj0Iie0SStS580FmtK6qjPC2Psk6YolTYv8Cs1COBLCeMX4FD1vIYJ3MroBa3cydo9dh-Ony7QZwAbjrOzxIJPJyD4s8don597L0wEs4OiwOsheuT1YoyFco8su2eDmZ87R2_rxdbXNdi-bp9XDLlNFlcdMUc6ULJuatF2r2xLKhresbCQhEkpW0Jw0VUVAck3zlrW0YGWtmWJK18A5L-ZoOfYq70Lw0Alloozp2uil6QUl4kxGHMVIRpzJiJFMCrNf4ZM3g_Rf_8Xuxxikxz4MeBGUAatAGw8qCu3M3wXfJ2-Cpw
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1016_j_micrna_2022_207231
crossref_primary_10_1002_cssc_202400999
crossref_primary_10_1002_anie_202115198
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11581_023_05059_y
crossref_primary_10_1002_anie_202422740
crossref_primary_10_3390_molecules28010200
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_est_2024_112555
crossref_primary_10_1039_D3CP01145C
crossref_primary_10_3390_cryst13020279
crossref_primary_10_1002_ange_202012141
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_mtadv_2021_100169
crossref_primary_10_3390_magnetochemistry8120172
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cej_2022_136830
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_nantod_2020_101026
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_physb_2024_416225
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_nanoms_2023_12_008
crossref_primary_10_1088_1361_6641_ac2c26
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_apsusc_2022_155336
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_physleta_2022_128351
crossref_primary_10_1002_advs_202101584
crossref_primary_10_1021_acs_jpcc_3c03524
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_physe_2021_114949
crossref_primary_10_1002_smll_202205736
crossref_primary_10_1002_cjoc_202300614
crossref_primary_10_1002_smll_202300336
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijoes_2023_100156
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_seppur_2023_124072
crossref_primary_10_1088_1361_6528_ac17c6
crossref_primary_10_1002_ppsc_202100177
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ccr_2020_213469
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_flatc_2021_100242
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jechem_2023_10_061
crossref_primary_10_1002_smll_202105877
crossref_primary_10_1039_D2GC00099G
crossref_primary_10_3233_MGC_210147
crossref_primary_10_1002_cjoc_202200410
crossref_primary_10_1039_D2TA04061A
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_mtchem_2025_102522
crossref_primary_10_1109_JSEN_2021_3104615
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_apsusc_2024_160233
crossref_primary_10_3389_fchem_2024_1425698
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijbiomac_2024_133037
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_apsusc_2024_161686
crossref_primary_10_1007_s12274_022_5038_3
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cej_2023_141607
crossref_primary_10_1002_advs_202305558
crossref_primary_10_1039_D2QI01911F
crossref_primary_10_1021_acs_langmuir_1c03379
crossref_primary_10_1002_adfm_202103960
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ensm_2020_07_027
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41928_022_00802_1
crossref_primary_10_1002_ange_202422740
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijhydene_2021_07_229
crossref_primary_10_1021_acsami_4c23080
crossref_primary_10_3389_fmats_2022_1070608
crossref_primary_10_1021_acs_chemrev_4c00174
crossref_primary_10_1039_D4SE01034E
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_physb_2024_415728
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jcis_2023_09_050
crossref_primary_10_1021_acs_chemmater_0c02889
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cej_2021_133617
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ceramint_2024_05_143
crossref_primary_10_1039_D1NR00318F
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_nantod_2024_102162
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jpcs_2025_112596
crossref_primary_10_1039_D2TA07203C
crossref_primary_10_1021_acsanm_2c04804
crossref_primary_10_1039_D3CP02122J
crossref_primary_10_1021_acsami_3c07790
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_mtcomm_2024_109622
crossref_primary_10_1039_D3NR01669B
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_apcatb_2021_120964
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jmmm_2022_169966
crossref_primary_10_1116_6_0001726
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_nanoen_2021_106332
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ultramic_2021_113420
crossref_primary_10_1021_acsanm_0c01369
crossref_primary_10_1039_D4NR03612C
crossref_primary_10_1088_2053_1591_ad1bfd
crossref_primary_10_1002_ange_202115198
crossref_primary_10_1021_acsnano_1c03535
crossref_primary_10_1088_2053_1583_ac6c30
crossref_primary_10_1002_advs_202406475
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jallcom_2022_165343
crossref_primary_10_1002_anie_202012141
crossref_primary_10_1002_er_8477
crossref_primary_10_1088_1361_6528_abd3c8
crossref_primary_10_1039_D3CS00445G
crossref_primary_10_1039_D4RA04352A
crossref_primary_10_1039_D1DT01834E
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cjph_2024_12_029
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_radphyschem_2022_110051
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jmmm_2025_172920
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_apcatb_2020_119626
crossref_primary_10_1002_sus2_168
crossref_primary_10_1002_advs_202103036
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jallcom_2022_163657
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jpcs_2021_110074
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11144_024_02775_y
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_est_2025_115536
crossref_primary_10_1063_5_0048946
crossref_primary_10_1039_D4CS00339J
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jpowsour_2022_231884
crossref_primary_10_3390_appliedchem2030012
crossref_primary_10_1002_adfm_202203115
crossref_primary_10_1021_acscatal_2c03719
crossref_primary_10_1002_adma_202005922
crossref_primary_10_1039_D0DT01676D
crossref_primary_10_1039_D3SC00487B
crossref_primary_10_1039_D2TA03529D
crossref_primary_10_1039_D0EE02649B
crossref_primary_10_1080_10408436_2021_1965954
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_chip_2023_100072
crossref_primary_10_1039_D2NR03816A
crossref_primary_10_1002_pssr_202400057
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_024_57243_3
crossref_primary_10_1002_adfm_202208994
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cclet_2022_02_044
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_physe_2024_116171
Cites_doi 10.1021/nl803279t
10.1088/0034-4885/75/6/062501
10.1361/15477030522455
10.1038/srep00586
10.1007/BF00608014
10.1021/nn300503e
10.1063/1.4943080
10.1021/nn5015215
10.1016/j.carbon.2012.05.026
10.1021/nl2043612
10.1021/acsami.8b13248
10.1039/C2NR32629A
10.1021/nn4002038
10.1103/PhysRevB.87.195201
10.1002/smll.201102223
10.1021/nn401420h
10.1126/science.1183665
10.1021/cm500086j
10.1002/adma.201304389
10.1016/j.matchemphys.2015.04.005
10.1126/science.1102896
10.1021/acscatal.5b00991
10.1039/c4nr01220h
10.1016/j.calphad.2005.06.002
10.1002/adma.201104798
10.1039/C5TC00563A
10.1063/1.4867197
10.1039/C5RA22664C
10.1016/j.physb.2011.03.044
10.1103/RevModPhys.82.1633
10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b00190
10.1021/nl201874w
10.1126/science.270.5236.590
10.1038/nmat1967
10.1002/adma.201303230
10.1063/1.3464319
10.1021/nl072838r
10.1039/C5CS00151J
10.1021/nl302389d
10.1021/nn505048y
10.1021/nl4032296
10.1021/nn103237x
10.1021/nl5045988
10.1021/jz301673x
10.1016/j.carbon.2015.09.086
10.1039/c3ra22161j
10.1039/C3NR04515C
10.1021/jp3088447
10.1021/nl102661q
10.1002/smll.201302893
10.1016/S0009-2614(01)00534-6
10.1021/nn301728j
10.1002/smll.201203021
10.1021/nn400971k
10.1063/1.4895469
10.1126/science.1156965
10.1021/ja01539a017
10.1021/ja9037593
10.1002/adma.201306095
10.1038/nchem.1589
10.1002/aenm.201100671
10.1007/s003390201278
10.1021/nn5004327
10.1038/srep21536
10.1021/nl3026357
10.1126/science.1208759
10.1140/epjb/e2011-20225-8
10.1039/B917705A
10.1021/jp109002p
10.1021/nl301409h
10.1073/pnas.1505993112
10.1016/j.cplett.2010.04.038
10.1002/adma.201301244
10.1021/am400563g
10.1002/adma.201102584
10.1103/PhysRevB.83.245213
10.1002/cphc.200800592
10.1016/j.ssc.2008.02.024
10.1126/sciadv.1600322
10.1021/nn302422x
10.1039/C5TA10599D
10.1016/j.materresbull.2016.02.009
10.1007/s11669-004-0126-5
10.1021/nl400902v
10.1038/srep01755
10.1038/natrevmats.2016.52
10.1021/jz402375s
10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b02315
10.1103/PhysRevB.88.075420
10.1021/nn503287m
10.1016/j.cattod.2015.08.053
10.1002/smll.201203097
10.1038/nnano.2015.70
10.1021/nl8011566
10.1021/nl8033637
10.1002/smll.201400706
10.1021/nl4043505
10.1080/01614948909351347
10.1073/pnas.0502848102
10.1021/nn200766e
10.1109/TNANO.2007.910334
10.1021/jp106764h
10.1088/0953-8984/26/25/256003
10.1103/PhysRevB.88.144409
10.1038/nature09579
10.1002/adma.201403537
10.1039/C4CS00141A
10.1039/C0JM02922J
10.1049/iet-cds.2015.0149
10.1039/c0jm00467g
10.1080/14686996.2016.1275784
10.1038/s41427-018-0023-8
10.1021/cm302819b
10.1039/C5NR06345K
10.1016/j.calphad.2014.11.004
10.1021/am508843z
10.1126/science.1157996
10.1016/j.jmgm.2012.11.009
10.1021/nl903414x
10.1038/nmat3944
10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b05271
10.1038/nnano.2010.279
10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.136805
10.1039/C4TC00924J
10.1002/smll.200500348
10.1103/PhysRevB.94.075440
10.1039/c3ee41444b
10.1016/j.apsusc.2013.02.035
10.1002/adma.201202255
10.1186/s11671-016-1376-y
10.1021/nl015549q
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright 2019 Elsevier Ltd
Copyright_xml – notice: 2019 Elsevier Ltd
DBID AAYXX
CITATION
DOI 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829
DatabaseName CrossRef
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
DatabaseTitleList
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Engineering
EISSN 1878-044X
ExternalDocumentID 10_1016_j_nantod_2019_100829
S1748013219302294
GroupedDBID ---
--K
--M
.~1
0R~
123
1B1
1~.
1~5
4.4
457
4G.
53G
5VS
7-5
71M
8P~
AABXZ
AACTN
AAEDT
AAEDW
AAEPC
AAIAV
AAIKJ
AAKOC
AALRI
AAOAW
AAQFI
AARLI
AAXUO
ABFRF
ABGSF
ABJNI
ABMAC
ABUDA
ABXDB
ABXRA
ABYKQ
ACDAQ
ACFVG
ACGFS
ACNNM
ACRLP
ADBBV
ADECG
ADEZE
ADMUD
ADTZH
ADUVX
AEBSH
AECPX
AEFWE
AEHWI
AEKER
AENEX
AEZYN
AFKWA
AFRZQ
AFTJW
AFXIZ
AFZHZ
AGHFR
AGUBO
AGYEJ
AHJVU
AHPOS
AIEXJ
AIKHN
AITUG
AIVDX
AJBFU
AJOXV
AJSZI
AKURH
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
AMFUW
AMRAJ
AXJTR
BJAXD
BKOJK
BLXMC
CS3
DOVZS
DU5
EBS
EFJIC
EFLBG
EJD
EO8
EO9
EP2
EP3
F5P
FDB
FEDTE
FIRID
FLBIZ
FNPLU
FYGXN
G-Q
GBLVA
HVGLF
HZ~
IHE
J1W
JJJVA
KOM
M41
MAGPM
MO0
N9A
O-L
O9-
OAUVE
OGIMB
OZT
P-8
P-9
PC.
Q38
RIG
RNS
ROL
RPZ
SDF
SDG
SES
SPC
SPCBC
SPD
SSG
SSK
SSM
SST
SSU
SSZ
T5K
UNMZH
~G-
AATTM
AAXKI
AAYWO
AAYXX
ABWVN
ACRPL
ACVFH
ADCNI
ADNMO
AEIPS
AEUPX
AFJKZ
AFPUW
AGCQF
AGRNS
AIGII
AIIUN
AKBMS
AKRWK
AKYEP
ANKPU
APXCP
BNPGV
CITATION
SSH
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c372t-c154ca6980bfbdb6e695b469a00ae6431209770ea5d12b4b13468d4c4cd8e5553
IEDL.DBID .~1
ISSN 1748-0132
IngestDate Thu Apr 24 22:54:09 EDT 2025
Tue Jul 01 00:15:55 EDT 2025
Fri Feb 23 02:47:48 EST 2024
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Keywords Molybdenum disulfide
MoS2
Graphene
Tungsten disulfide
2D materials
WS2
Doping
Electronics
Sensing
TMD
Transition metal dichalcogenides
Sensor
Language English
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c372t-c154ca6980bfbdb6e695b469a00ae6431209770ea5d12b4b13468d4c4cd8e5553
ParticipantIDs crossref_citationtrail_10_1016_j_nantod_2019_100829
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_nantod_2019_100829
elsevier_sciencedirect_doi_10_1016_j_nantod_2019_100829
ProviderPackageCode CITATION
AAYXX
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate February 2020
2020-02-00
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2020-02-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 02
  year: 2020
  text: February 2020
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationTitle Nano today
PublicationYear 2020
Publisher Elsevier Ltd
Publisher_xml – name: Elsevier Ltd
References Novoselov, Geim, Morozov, Jiang, Zhang, Dubonos (bib0015) 2004; 306
Ling, Xie, Fang, Xu, Zhang, Kong (bib0665) 2010; 10
Zou, Li, Zhu, Zhao, Xu, Su (bib0340) 2011; 81
Li, Huang, Zhong, Huo, Li, Yang (bib0540) 2015; 9
Lin, Thee, Elías, Feng, Zhou, Fujisawa (bib0495) 2014; 2
Cunningham, Lotya, Cucinotta, Sanvito, Bergin, Menzel (bib0175) 2012; 6
Edwards, Coleman (bib0040) 2013; 5
Hu, Cheng, Zhao, Chen, Jiang, Feng (bib0070) 2014; 6
Some, Kim, Lee, Kulkarni, Yoon, Lee (bib0385) 2012; 24
Zhang, Huang, Chen, Chang, Cheng, Li (bib0425) 2013; 25
Novoselov, Jiang, Schedin, Booth, Khotkevich, Morozov (bib0110) 2005; 102
Lv, Li, Botello-Méndez, Hayashi, Wang, Berkdemir (bib0265) 2012; 2
Kim, Fujisawa, Muramatsu, Hayashi, Endo, Fujimori (bib0310) 2012; 6
Gao, Liu, Song, Guo, Gao, Ci (bib0230) 2012; 23
Lu, Bao, Gou, Cai, Ji, Xu (bib0095) 2013; 3
Denis (bib0215) 2010; 492
Ma, Isarraraz, Wang, Preciado, Klee, Bobek (bib0615) 2014; 8
Berkdemir, Gutiérrez, Botello-Méndez, Perea-López, Elías, Chia (bib0145) 2013; 3
Feng, Zhu, Hong, Zhang, Duan, Mao (bib0405) 2014; 26
Czerw, Terrones, Charlier, Blase, Foley, Kamalakaran (bib0245) 2001
Sun, Yan, Yao, Beitler, Zhu, Tour (bib0290) 2010; 468
Zhu, Ramasse, Brorson, Moses, Hansen, Topsøe (bib0535) 2016; 261
Wang, Zhou, Wu, Liao, Zhao, Peng (bib0320) 2013; 9
Mann, Ma, Odenthal, Isarraraz, Le, Preciado (bib0625) 2014; 26
Dai, Yuan, Giannozzi (bib0395) 2009; 95
Zhang, Ye, Yomogida, Takenobu, Iwasa (bib0580) 2013; 13
Eda, Fujita, Yamaguchi, Voiry, Chen, Chhowalla (bib0165) 2012; 6
Lin, Carvalho, Kahn, Lv, Rao, Terrones (bib0200) 2016; 3
Zhang, Lin, Li, Liu, Wu, Xu (bib0355) 2016; 8
Eda, Yamaguchi, Voiry, Fujita, Chen, Chhowalla (bib0160) 2011; 11
Ramasubramaniam, Naveh (bib0560) 2013; 87
Rigosi, Hill, Rim, Flynn, Heinz (bib0485) 2016; 94
Chhowalla, Shin, Eda, Li, Loh, Zhang (bib0125) 2013; 5
Dahn, Zheng, Liu, Xue (bib0005) 1995; 270
Zhang, Li, Wang, Wang, Feng, Zheng (bib0235) 2014; 26
Kuc, Zibouche, Heine (bib0140) 2011; 83
Elías, Perea-López, Castro-Beltrán, Berkdemir, Lv, Feng (bib0465) 2013; 7
Liu, Yu, Neff, Zhamu, Jang (bib0075) 2010; 10
Liu, Liu, Zhu (bib0085) 2011; 21
Lee, Zhang, Zhang, Chang, Lin, Chang (bib0185) 2012; 24
Boyd, Feldman, Transmission, Laland, Richerson, Aoki (bib0035) 2010; 328
Braga, Gutiérrez Lezama, Berger, Morpurgo (bib0135) 2012; 12
Schiros, Nordlund, Pálová, Prezzi, Zhao, Kim (bib0255) 2012; 12
Wang, Li, Chen, Liu, Zhang, Guo (bib0365) 2015; 3
Gupta (bib0440) 2004; 25
Goniszewski, Gallop, Adabi, Gajewski, Shaforost, Klein (bib0220) 2015; 9
Domínguez-Meister, Rojas, Brizuela, Sánchez-López (bib0010) 2017; 18
Wu, Huang, Aivazian, Ross, Cobden, Xu (bib0420) 2013; 7
Ding, Wang, Ni, Shi, Shi, Tang (bib0470) 2011; 406
Ng, Noor, Zheng (bib0725) 2018; 10
Duan, Chen, Jaroniec, Qiao (bib0105) 2015; 5
Agnoli, Favaro (bib0335) 2016; 4
Gao, Song, Guo, Huang, Yang, Wang (bib0280) 2012; 50
Ihm, Lim, Lee, Kwon, Kang, Chung (bib0065) 2010; 97
Dan, Lu, Kybert, Luo, Johnson (bib0635) 2009; 9
Paton, Varrla, Backes, Smith, Khan, O’Neill (bib0170) 2014; 13
Cattelan, Agnoli, Favaro, Garoli, Romanato, Meneghetti (bib0315) 2013; 25
Shinde, Kano, Kalita, Takeguchi, Hashimoto, Tanemura (bib0300) 2016; 96
Radisavljevic, Radenovic, Brivio, Giacometti, Kis (bib0115) 2011; 6
Wang, Sun, Routh, Kim, Huang, Chen (bib0210) 2014; 43
Tedstone, Lewis, Savjani, Zhong, Haigh, O’Brien (bib0510) 2017; 29
Xi, Zhao, Wang, Shuai (bib0480) 2014; 5
Mirabelli, Schmidt, Sheehan, Cherkaoui, Monaghan, Povey (bib0600) 2016; 6
Feng, Dos Santos, Carvalho, Lv, Li, Fujisawa (bib0695) 2016; 2
Zhao, He, Rim, Schiros, Kim, Zhou (bib0275) 2011; 333
Dato, Radmilovic, Lee, Phillips, Frenklach (bib0655) 2008; 8
Li, Cheng, Huang (bib0730) 2018; 14
Lv, Dos Santos, Antonelli, Feng, Fujisawa, Berkdemir (bib0360) 2014; 26
Gong, Liu, Lupini, Shi, Lin, Najmaei (bib0620) 2014; 14
Chen, Liu, Wang, Zhao, Cai, Wang (bib0350) 2013; 5
Zhang, Chen, Zhou, Liu (bib0640) 2009; 20
Lee, Wei, Kysar, Hone (bib0020) 2008; 321
Cheng, Zhu, Mi, Guo, Schwingenschlögl (bib0525) 2013; 87
Cui, Lee, Kim, Arefe, Huang, Lee (bib0155) 2015; 10
Sato, Bergqvist, Kudrnovský, Dederichs, Eriksson, Turek (bib0520) 2010; 82
Chuang, Battaglia, Azcatl, McDonnell, Kang, Yin (bib0585) 2014; 14
Yao, Li, Lin, Moon, Agar, Wong (bib0055) 2011; 115
Mak, Lee, Hone, Shan, Heinz (bib0120) 2010; 105
Faccio, Fernández-Werner, Pardo, Goyenola, Ventura, Mombrú (bib0305) 2010; 114
Wei, Liu, Wang, Zhang, Huang, Yu (bib0260) 2009; 9
Zamudio, Elías, Rodríguez-Manzo, López-Urías, Rodríguez-Gattorno, Lupo (bib0240) 2006; 2
Zhang, Lu, Schulman, Zhang, Fujisawa, Lin (bib0415) 2019; 5
Neto, Guinea, Peres, Novoselov, Geim (bib0080) 2007; 81
Li, Fan, Li, Wang, Zhong, Wei (bib0325) 2012; 2
Chen, Xi, Dumcenco, Liu, Suenaga, Wang (bib0400) 2013; 7
Voiry, Mohite, Chhowalla (bib0130) 2015; 44
Somorjai, De Beer (bib0530) 1989; 31
Mastrapa, da Costa, Larrude, Freire (bib0225) 2015; 166
Liu, Antwi, Chua, Chi (bib0490) 2014; 6
Liu, Chen, Liu, Abbas, Fathi, Zhou (bib0720) 2014; 8
Wang, Liu, Ito, Ning, Tan, Fujita (bib0500) 2016; 6
Liu, Zhang, Lee, Lin, Chang, Su (bib0430) 2012; 12
Fan, An, Guo (bib0555) 2016; 11
Ling, Moura, Pimenta, Zhang (bib0680) 2012; 116
Chhowalla, Jena, Zhang (bib0150) 2016; 1
Jin, Yao, Kittrell, Tour (bib0270) 2011; 5
Xie, Ling, Fang, Zhang, Liu (bib0650) 2009; 131
Rana (bib0660) 2008; 7
Wang, Ko, Huang, Lin, Huang (bib0550) 2014; 53
Chen, Yang, Liu, Zhao, Cai, Wang (bib0345) 2013; 39
Waldner, Pelton (bib0450) 2005; 26
Lee, Gatensby, McEvoy, Hallam, Duesberg (bib0715) 2013; 25
Qi, Li, Chen, Hu (bib0570) 2014; 26
Xu, Mao, Zhang (bib0690) 2013; 9
Das, Demarteau, Roelofs (bib0595) 2015; 106
Zhang, Yang, Shen, Cheng, Zhang, Guo (bib0045) 2010; 46
Katoh, Imamura, Obata, Saiki (bib0285) 2016; 6
Komsa, Krasheninnikov (bib0475) 2012; 3
Xue, Wu, Bao, Liu (bib0205) 2014; 10
Dolui, Rungger, Das Pemmaraju, Sanvito (bib0590) 2013; 88
Chen, Hou, Shi, Pan (bib0735) 2018; 10
Shu, Luo, Liang, Cao, Chen (bib0545) 2015; 7
Shatynski (bib0460) 1977; 11
Schedin, Geim, Morozov, Hill, Blake, Katsnelson (bib0630) 2007; 6
Terrones, Ajayan, Banhart, Blase, Carroll, Charlier (bib0250) 2002; 74
Zhang, Feng, Wang, Azcatl, Lu, Addou (bib0575) 2015; 15
Ling, Wu, Xu, Zhang (bib0670) 2012; 8
Dai, Yuan (bib0375) 2010; 22
Bolotin, Sikes, Jiang, Klima, Fudenberg, Hone (bib0025) 2008; 146
Terrones, Lv, Terrones, Dresselhaus (bib0195) 2012; 75
Zhu, Hsu, Terrones, Firth, Grobert, Clark, Kroto, Walton (bib0605) 2001; 342
Shin, Kim, Yoo (bib0380) 2015; 82
Feng, Cristina dos Santos, Carvalho, Lv, Li, Fujisawa (bib0700) 2016; 2
Nair, Blake, Grigorenko, Novoselov, Booth, Stauber (bib0030) 2008; 320
Mishra, Zhou, Pennycook, Pantelides, Idrobo (bib0565) 2013; 88
Imran Jafri, Rajalakshmi, Ramaprabhu (bib0090) 2010; 20
Lv, Chen, Li, Botello-méndez, Morozov, Declerck (bib0330) 2015; 112
Song, Ryu, Lee, Sim, Lee, Choi (bib0515) 2015; 6
Wang, Zhi, Müllen (bib0060) 2008; 8
Su, Te Hsu, Chang, Chiu, Hsu, Hsu (bib0610) 2014; 10
Wang, Wang, Chen, Liu, Zhao, Cai (bib0370) 2013; 273
Liu, Wu, Yu, Chen, Huang, Jiang (bib0505) 2017; 27
Houserová, Vřešťál, Šob (bib0435) 2005; 29
Paraknowitsch, Thomas (bib0100) 2013; 6
Wang, Li, Chen, Liu, Tian, Zhou (bib0295) 2014; 2
Chang, Zhang, Zhu, Han, Pu, Chang (bib0705) 2014; 8
Domask, Gurunathan, Mohney (bib0445) 2015; 44
Huang, Ling, Liang, Song, Fang, Zhang (bib0685) 2015; 15
Klee, Preciado, Barroso, Nguyen, Lee, Erickson (bib0710) 2015; 15
Denis, Faccio, Mombru (bib0390) 2009; 10
Hummers, Offeman (bib0050) 1958; 80
Dai, Yuan, Giannozzi, Dai, Yuan, Giannozzi (bib0645) 2009; 232105
Gutiérrez, Perea-López, Elías, Berkdemir, Wang, Lv (bib0190) 2013; 13
Dilner, Mao, Selleby (bib0455) 2015; 48
Xu, Xie, Zhang, Zhang (bib0675) 2011; 5
Laskar, Nath, Ma, Lee, Lee, Kent (bib0410) 2014; 104
Smith, King, Lotya, Wirtz, Khan, De (bib0180) 2011; 23
Bolotin (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0025) 2008; 146
Tedstone (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0510) 2017; 29
Xie (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0650) 2009; 131
Song (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0515) 2015; 6
Wang (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0210) 2014; 43
Elías (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0465) 2013; 7
Wang (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0320) 2013; 9
Ding (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0470) 2011; 406
Klee (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0710) 2015; 15
Dilner (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0455) 2015; 48
Shin (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0380) 2015; 82
Lin (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0200) 2016; 3
Liu (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0720) 2014; 8
Nair (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0030) 2008; 320
Xue (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0205) 2014; 10
Voiry (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0130) 2015; 44
Yao (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0055) 2011; 115
Zhao (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0275) 2011; 333
Zou (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0340) 2011; 81
Mirabelli (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0600) 2016; 6
Chen (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0345) 2013; 39
Domask (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0445) 2015; 44
Zhang (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0425) 2013; 25
Liu (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0505) 2017; 27
Dai (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0395) 2009; 95
Zhu (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0605) 2001; 342
Faccio (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0305) 2010; 114
Berkdemir (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0145) 2013; 3
Goniszewski (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0220) 2015; 9
Zhang (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0235) 2014; 26
Rigosi (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0485) 2016; 94
Cheng (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0525) 2013; 87
Gao (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0230) 2012; 23
Li (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0730) 2018; 14
Chen (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0735) 2018; 10
Sun (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0290) 2010; 468
Wang (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0500) 2016; 6
Lee (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0185) 2012; 24
Chhowalla (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0125) 2013; 5
Chhowalla (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0150) 2016; 1
Dan (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0635) 2009; 9
Eda (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0160) 2011; 11
Zamudio (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0240) 2006; 2
Zhang (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0355) 2016; 8
Imran Jafri (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0090) 2010; 20
Li (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0325) 2012; 2
Zhang (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0045) 2010; 46
Wang (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0060) 2008; 8
Liu (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0430) 2012; 12
Radisavljevic (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0115) 2011; 6
Kuc (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0140) 2011; 83
Shatynski (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0460) 1977; 11
Zhang (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0640) 2009; 20
Gupta (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0440) 2004; 25
Chuang (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0585) 2014; 14
Lv (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0265) 2012; 2
Ling (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0665) 2010; 10
Wang (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0295) 2014; 2
Laskar (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0410) 2014; 104
Houserová (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0435) 2005; 29
Paton (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0170) 2014; 13
Cunningham (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0175) 2012; 6
Schedin (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0630) 2007; 6
Xi (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0480) 2014; 5
Denis (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0390) 2009; 10
Cattelan (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0315) 2013; 25
Mak (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0120) 2010; 105
Lee (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0020) 2008; 321
Terrones (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0195) 2012; 75
Schiros (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0255) 2012; 12
Duan (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0105) 2015; 5
Dai (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0375) 2010; 22
Katoh (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0285) 2016; 6
Paraknowitsch (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0100) 2013; 6
Czerw (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0245) 2001
Boyd (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0035) 2010; 328
Waldner (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0450) 2005; 26
Lv (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0360) 2014; 26
Lin (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0495) 2014; 2
Fan (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0555) 2016; 11
Gao (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0280) 2012; 50
Feng (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0695) 2016; 2
Agnoli (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0335) 2016; 4
Ling (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0680) 2012; 116
Kim (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0310) 2012; 6
Shu (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0545) 2015; 7
Ng (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0725) 2018; 10
Domínguez-Meister (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0010) 2017; 18
Eda (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0165) 2012; 6
Wei (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0260) 2009; 9
Huang (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0685) 2015; 15
Su (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0610) 2014; 10
Terrones (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0250) 2002; 74
Rana (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0660) 2008; 7
Qi (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0570) 2014; 26
Komsa (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0475) 2012; 3
Gutiérrez (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0190) 2013; 13
Shinde (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0300) 2016; 96
Chen (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0400) 2013; 7
Chang (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0705) 2014; 8
Novoselov (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0110) 2005; 102
Wu (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0420) 2013; 7
Ling (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0670) 2012; 8
Lee (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0715) 2013; 25
Zhang (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0580) 2013; 13
Mann (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0625) 2014; 26
Liu (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0085) 2011; 21
Mastrapa (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0225) 2015; 166
Novoselov (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0015) 2004; 306
Smith (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0180) 2011; 23
Some (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0385) 2012; 24
Neto (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0080) 2007; 81
Jin (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0270) 2011; 5
Hummers (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0050) 1958; 80
Feng (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0405) 2014; 26
Edwards (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0040) 2013; 5
Hu (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0070) 2014; 6
Lv (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0330) 2015; 112
Das (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0595) 2015; 106
Gong (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0620) 2014; 14
Braga (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0135) 2012; 12
Dahn (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0005) 1995; 270
Ihm (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0065) 2010; 97
Wang (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0550) 2014; 53
Mishra (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0565) 2013; 88
Ramasubramaniam (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0560) 2013; 87
Feng (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0700) 2016; 2
Dolui (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0590) 2013; 88
Cui (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0155) 2015; 10
Somorjai (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0530) 1989; 31
Li (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0540) 2015; 9
Dato (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0655) 2008; 8
Xu (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0675) 2011; 5
Denis (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0215) 2010; 492
Wang (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0365) 2015; 3
Xu (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0690) 2013; 9
Lu (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0095) 2013; 3
Liu (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0490) 2014; 6
Ma (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0615) 2014; 8
Zhang (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0575) 2015; 15
Dai (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0645) 2009; 232105
Chen (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0350) 2013; 5
Wang (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0370) 2013; 273
Liu (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0075) 2010; 10
Zhang (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0415) 2019; 5
Sato (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0520) 2010; 82
Zhu (10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0535) 2016; 261
References_xml – volume: 12
  start-page: 5218
  year: 2012
  end-page: 5223
  ident: bib0135
  publication-title: Nano Lett.
– volume: 5
  start-page: 285
  year: 2014
  end-page: 291
  ident: bib0480
  publication-title: J. Phys. Chem. Lett.
– volume: 3
  start-page: 1
  year: 2016
  end-page: 21
  ident: bib0200
  publication-title: 2d Mater.
– volume: 3
  start-page: 3652
  year: 2012
  end-page: 3656
  ident: bib0475
  publication-title: J. Phys. Chem. Lett.
– volume: 261
  start-page: 75
  year: 2016
  end-page: 81
  ident: bib0535
  publication-title: Catal. Today
– volume: 95
  start-page: 96
  year: 2009
  end-page: 99
  ident: bib0395
  publication-title: Appl. Phys. Lett.
– volume: 31
  start-page: 1
  year: 1989
  end-page: 41
  ident: bib0530
  publication-title: Catal. Rev.
– volume: 270
  start-page: 590
  year: 1995
  end-page: 593
  ident: bib0005
  publication-title: Science
– volume: 104
  start-page: 1
  year: 2014
  end-page: 5
  ident: bib0410
  publication-title: Appl. Phys. Lett.
– volume: 97
  start-page: 10
  year: 2010
  end-page: 13
  ident: bib0065
  publication-title: Appl. Phys. Lett.
– volume: 2
  start-page: 425
  year: 2012
  end-page: 429
  ident: bib0325
  publication-title: Adv. Energy Mater.
– volume: 81
  start-page: 475
  year: 2011
  end-page: 479
  ident: bib0340
  publication-title: Eur. Phys. J. B
– volume: 15
  start-page: 6586
  year: 2015
  end-page: 6591
  ident: bib0575
  publication-title: Nano Lett.
– volume: 6
  year: 2016
  ident: bib0600
  publication-title: AIP Adv.
– volume: 21
  start-page: 3335
  year: 2011
  end-page: 3345
  ident: bib0085
  publication-title: J. Mater. Chem.
– volume: 9
  start-page: 420
  year: 2015
  end-page: 427
  ident: bib0220
  publication-title: IET Circuits, Devices Syst.
– volume: 10
  start-page: 35289
  year: 2018
  end-page: 35295
  ident: bib0735
  publication-title: ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces
– volume: 13
  start-page: 3447
  year: 2013
  end-page: 3454
  ident: bib0190
  publication-title: Nano Lett.
– volume: 10
  start-page: 715
  year: 2009
  end-page: 722
  ident: bib0390
  publication-title: ChemPhysChem
– volume: 23
  start-page: 3944
  year: 2011
  end-page: 3948
  ident: bib0180
  publication-title: Adv. Mater.
– volume: 20
  start-page: 7114
  year: 2010
  ident: bib0090
  publication-title: J. Mater. Chem.
– volume: 46
  start-page: 1112
  year: 2010
  end-page: 1114
  ident: bib0045
  publication-title: Chem. Commun.
– volume: 88
  start-page: 1
  year: 2013
  end-page: 9
  ident: bib0590
  publication-title: Phys. Rev. B - Condens. Matter Mater. Phys.
– volume: 15
  start-page: 2892
  year: 2015
  end-page: 2901
  ident: bib0685
  publication-title: Nano Lett.
– volume: 6
  start-page: 6293
  year: 2012
  end-page: 6300
  ident: bib0310
  publication-title: ACS Nano
– volume: 10
  start-page: 2589
  year: 2014
  end-page: 2594
  ident: bib0610
  publication-title: Small.
– volume: 53
  year: 2014
  ident: bib0550
  publication-title: J. Appl. Phys.
– volume: 2
  start-page: 1
  year: 2012
  end-page: 8
  ident: bib0265
  publication-title: Sci. Rep.
– volume: 25
  start-page: 6699
  year: 2013
  end-page: 6702
  ident: bib0715
  publication-title: Adv. Mater.
– volume: 10
  start-page: 4863
  year: 2010
  end-page: 4868
  ident: bib0075
  publication-title: Nano Lett.
– volume: 10
  start-page: 534
  year: 2015
  end-page: 540
  ident: bib0155
  publication-title: Nat. Nanotechnol.
– volume: 232105
  start-page: 93
  year: 2009
  end-page: 96
  ident: bib0645
  publication-title: Appl. Phys. Lett.
– volume: 48
  start-page: 95
  year: 2015
  end-page: 105
  ident: bib0455
  publication-title: Calphad Comput. Coupling Phase Diagrams Thermochem.
– volume: 2
  year: 2014
  ident: bib0495
  publication-title: APL Mater.
– volume: 11
  year: 2016
  ident: bib0555
  publication-title: Nanoscale Res. Lett.
– volume: 116
  start-page: 25112
  year: 2012
  end-page: 25118
  ident: bib0680
  publication-title: J. Phys. Chem. C.
– volume: 10
  start-page: 217
  year: 2018
  end-page: 237
  ident: bib0725
  publication-title: NPG Asia Mater.
– volume: 10
  start-page: 2975
  year: 2014
  end-page: 2991
  ident: bib0205
  publication-title: Small.
– volume: 14
  start-page: 442
  year: 2014
  end-page: 449
  ident: bib0620
  publication-title: Nano Lett.
– volume: 328
  start-page: 213
  year: 2010
  end-page: 216
  ident: bib0035
  publication-title: Science
– volume: 4
  start-page: 5002
  year: 2016
  end-page: 5025
  ident: bib0335
  publication-title: J. Mater. Chem. A.
– volume: 6
  start-page: 21536
  year: 2016
  ident: bib0500
  publication-title: Sci. Rep.
– volume: 406
  start-page: 2254
  year: 2011
  end-page: 2260
  ident: bib0470
  publication-title: Phys. B Condens. Matter.
– volume: 9
  start-page: 1316
  year: 2013
  end-page: 1320
  ident: bib0320
  publication-title: Small.
– volume: 6
  start-page: 13392
  year: 2016
  end-page: 13398
  ident: bib0285
  publication-title: RSC Adv.
– volume: 8
  start-page: 1365
  year: 2012
  end-page: 1372
  ident: bib0670
  publication-title: Small.
– volume: 81
  year: 2007
  ident: bib0080
  publication-title: Rev. Mod. Phys.
– volume: 6
  start-page: 2839
  year: 2013
  ident: bib0100
  publication-title: Energy Environ. Sci.
– volume: 75
  year: 2012
  ident: bib0195
  publication-title: Rep. Prog. Phys.
– volume: 2
  year: 2016
  ident: bib0695
  publication-title: Sci. Adv.
– volume: 13
  start-page: 624
  year: 2014
  end-page: 630
  ident: bib0170
  publication-title: Nat. Mater.
– volume: 8
  start-page: 226
  year: 2016
  end-page: 232
  ident: bib0355
  publication-title: Nanoscale
– volume: 5
  start-page: 5207
  year: 2015
  end-page: 5234
  ident: bib0105
  publication-title: ACS Catal.
– volume: 3
  start-page: 1
  year: 2013
  end-page: 8
  ident: bib0145
  publication-title: Sci. Rep.
– volume: 11
  start-page: 5111
  year: 2011
  end-page: 5116
  ident: bib0160
  publication-title: Nano Lett.
– volume: 273
  start-page: 302
  year: 2013
  end-page: 309
  ident: bib0370
  publication-title: Appl. Surf. Sci.
– volume: 7
  start-page: 91
  year: 2008
  end-page: 99
  ident: bib0660
  publication-title: IEEE Trans. Nanotechnol.
– volume: 82
  start-page: 1633
  year: 2010
  end-page: 1690
  ident: bib0520
  publication-title: Rev. Mod. Phys.
– volume: 11
  start-page: 307
  year: 1977
  end-page: 320
  ident: bib0460
  publication-title: Oxid. Met.
– volume: 22
  year: 2010
  ident: bib0375
  publication-title: J. Phys. Condens. Matter
– volume: 9
  start-page: 1257
  year: 2015
  end-page: 1262
  ident: bib0540
  publication-title: ACS Nano
– volume: 333
  start-page: 999
  year: 2011
  end-page: 1003
  ident: bib0275
  publication-title: Science
– volume: 8
  start-page: 4672
  year: 2014
  end-page: 4677
  ident: bib0615
  publication-title: ACS Nano
– volume: 8
  start-page: 8582
  year: 2014
  end-page: 8590
  ident: bib0705
  publication-title: ACS Nano
– volume: 25
  start-page: 3456
  year: 2013
  end-page: 3461
  ident: bib0425
  publication-title: Adv. Mater.
– volume: 6
  start-page: 6
  year: 2007
  end-page: 9
  ident: bib0630
  publication-title: Nat. Mater.
– volume: 2
  start-page: 1
  year: 2016
  end-page: 13
  ident: bib0700
  publication-title: Sci. Adv.
– volume: 94
  start-page: 1
  year: 2016
  end-page: 6
  ident: bib0485
  publication-title: Phys. Rev. B
– volume: 26
  start-page: 1399
  year: 2014
  end-page: 1404
  ident: bib0625
  publication-title: Adv. Mater.
– volume: 24
  start-page: 2320
  year: 2012
  end-page: 2325
  ident: bib0185
  publication-title: Adv. Mater.
– volume: 26
  year: 2014
  ident: bib0570
  publication-title: J. Phys. Condens. Matter
– volume: 87
  start-page: 2
  year: 2013
  end-page: 5
  ident: bib0525
  publication-title: Phys. Rev. B - Condens. Matter Mater. Phys.
– volume: 6
  start-page: 1
  year: 2015
  end-page: 10
  ident: bib0515
  publication-title: Nat. Commun.
– volume: 13
  start-page: 3023
  year: 2013
  end-page: 3028
  ident: bib0580
  publication-title: Nano Lett.
– volume: 50
  start-page: 4476
  year: 2012
  end-page: 4482
  ident: bib0280
  publication-title: Carbon
– volume: 5
  start-page: 5994
  year: 2013
  end-page: 6000
  ident: bib0350
  publication-title: ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces
– volume: 26
  start-page: 2460
  year: 2014
  end-page: 2466
  ident: bib0235
  publication-title: Chem. Mater.
– volume: 320
  start-page: 1308
  year: 2008
  ident: bib0030
  publication-title: Science
– volume: 114
  start-page: 18961
  year: 2010
  end-page: 18971
  ident: bib0305
  publication-title: J. Phys. Chem. C.
– volume: 5
  start-page: 263
  year: 2013
  end-page: 275
  ident: bib0125
  publication-title: Nat. Chem.
– volume: 146
  start-page: 351
  year: 2008
  end-page: 355
  ident: bib0025
  publication-title: Solid State Commun.
– volume: 166
  start-page: 37
  year: 2015
  end-page: 41
  ident: bib0225
  publication-title: Mater. Chem. Phys.
– volume: 106
  year: 2015
  ident: bib0595
  publication-title: Appl. Phys. Lett.
– volume: 88
  start-page: 1
  year: 2013
  end-page: 5
  ident: bib0565
  publication-title: Phys. Rev. B - Condens. Matter Mater. Phys.
– volume: 131
  start-page: 9890
  year: 2009
  end-page: 9891
  ident: bib0650
  publication-title: J. Am. Chem. Soc.
– volume: 468
  start-page: 549
  year: 2010
  end-page: 552
  ident: bib0290
  publication-title: Nature.
– volume: 87
  start-page: 1
  year: 2013
  end-page: 7
  ident: bib0560
  publication-title: Phys. Rev. B - Condens. Matter Mater. Phys.
– volume: 342
  start-page: 15
  year: 2001
  end-page: 21
  ident: bib0605
  publication-title: Chem. Phys. Lett.
– volume: 5
  start-page: 5338
  year: 2011
  end-page: 5344
  ident: bib0675
  publication-title: ACS Nano
– volume: 25
  start-page: 1490
  year: 2013
  end-page: 1495
  ident: bib0315
  publication-title: Chem. Mater.
– volume: 29
  start-page: 3858
  year: 2017
  end-page: 3862
  ident: bib0510
  publication-title: Chem. Mater.
– volume: 26
  start-page: 7593
  year: 2014
  end-page: 7599
  ident: bib0360
  publication-title: Adv. Mater.
– volume: 9
  start-page: 1472
  year: 2009
  end-page: 1475
  ident: bib0635
  publication-title: Nano Lett.
– volume: 1
  year: 2016
  ident: bib0150
  publication-title: Nat. Rev. Mater.
– volume: 9
  start-page: 1206
  year: 2013
  end-page: 1224
  ident: bib0690
  publication-title: Small.
– volume: 14
  start-page: 1
  year: 2018
  end-page: 11
  ident: bib0730
  publication-title: Small.
– volume: 492
  start-page: 251
  year: 2010
  end-page: 257
  ident: bib0215
  publication-title: Chem. Phys. Lett.
– volume: 321
  start-page: 385
  year: 2008
  end-page: 389
  ident: bib0020
  publication-title: Science
– volume: 6
  start-page: 7311
  year: 2012
  end-page: 7317
  ident: bib0165
  publication-title: ACS Nano
– volume: 29
  start-page: 133
  year: 2005
  end-page: 139
  ident: bib0435
  publication-title: Calphad Comput. Coupling Phase Diagrams Thermochem.
– volume: 105
  start-page: 2
  year: 2010
  end-page: 5
  ident: bib0120
  publication-title: Phys. Rev. Lett.
– volume: 115
  start-page: 5232
  year: 2011
  end-page: 5238
  ident: bib0055
  publication-title: J. Phys. Chem. C.
– volume: 7
  start-page: 5235
  year: 2013
  end-page: 5242
  ident: bib0465
  publication-title: ACS Nano
– volume: 74
  start-page: 355
  year: 2002
  end-page: 361
  ident: bib0250
  publication-title: Appl. Phys. A Mater. Sci. Process.
– volume: 23
  year: 2012
  ident: bib0230
  publication-title: Nanotechnology.
– volume: 20
  year: 2009
  ident: bib0640
  publication-title: Nanotechnology.
– volume: 8
  start-page: 2012
  year: 2008
  end-page: 2016
  ident: bib0655
  publication-title: Nano Lett.
– volume: 3
  start-page: 3990
  year: 2013
  ident: bib0095
  publication-title: RSC Adv.
– volume: 14
  start-page: 1337
  year: 2014
  end-page: 1342
  ident: bib0585
  publication-title: Nano Lett.
– volume: 6
  start-page: 147
  year: 2011
  end-page: 150
  ident: bib0115
  publication-title: Nat. Nanotechnol.
– volume: 43
  start-page: 7067
  year: 2014
  end-page: 7098
  ident: bib0210
  publication-title: Chem. Soc. Rev.
– volume: 2
  start-page: 7396
  year: 2014
  ident: bib0295
  publication-title: J. Mater. Chem. C.
– volume: 26
  start-page: 23
  year: 2005
  end-page: 38
  ident: bib0450
  publication-title: J. Phase Equilibria Diffus.
– volume: 18
  start-page: 122
  year: 2017
  end-page: 133
  ident: bib0010
  publication-title: Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater.
– volume: 5
  start-page: 38
  year: 2013
  end-page: 51
  ident: bib0040
  publication-title: Nanoscale
– volume: 26
  start-page: 2648
  year: 2014
  end-page: 2653
  ident: bib0405
  publication-title: Adv. Mater.
– volume: 80
  start-page: 1339
  year: 1958
  ident: bib0050
  publication-title: J. Am. Chem. Soc.
– volume: 102
  start-page: 10451
  year: 2005
  end-page: 10453
  ident: bib0110
  publication-title: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
– volume: 9
  start-page: 1752
  year: 2009
  end-page: 1758
  ident: bib0260
  publication-title: Nano Lett.
– volume: 39
  start-page: 126
  year: 2013
  end-page: 132
  ident: bib0345
  publication-title: J. Mol. Graph. Model.
– volume: 83
  start-page: 1
  year: 2011
  end-page: 4
  ident: bib0140
  publication-title: Phys. Rev. B - Condens. Matter Mater. Phys.
– volume: 12
  start-page: 1538
  year: 2012
  end-page: 1544
  ident: bib0430
  publication-title: Nano Lett.
– volume: 6
  start-page: 624
  year: 2014
  end-page: 629
  ident: bib0490
  publication-title: Nanoscale.
– volume: 24
  start-page: 5481
  year: 2012
  end-page: 5486
  ident: bib0385
  publication-title: Adv. Mater.
– volume: 10
  start-page: 553
  year: 2010
  end-page: 561
  ident: bib0665
  publication-title: Nano Lett.
– volume: 44
  start-page: 4065
  year: 2015
  end-page: 4079
  ident: bib0445
  publication-title: J. Korean Inst. Electr. Electron. Mater. Eng.
– volume: 25
  start-page: 292
  year: 2004
  end-page: 295
  ident: bib0440
  publication-title: J. Phase Equilibria Diffus.
– volume: 7
  start-page: 4610
  year: 2013
  end-page: 4616
  ident: bib0400
  publication-title: ACS Nano
– volume: 8
  start-page: 5304
  year: 2014
  end-page: 5314
  ident: bib0720
  publication-title: ACS Nano
– volume: 82
  start-page: 71
  year: 2015
  end-page: 75
  ident: bib0380
  publication-title: Mater. Res. Bull.
– volume: 306
  start-page: 666
  year: 2004
  end-page: 669
  ident: bib0015
  publication-title: Science
– volume: 8
  start-page: 323
  year: 2008
  end-page: 327
  ident: bib0060
  publication-title: Nano Lett.
– volume: 44
  start-page: 2702
  year: 2015
  end-page: 2712
  ident: bib0130
  publication-title: Chem. Soc. Rev.
– volume: 5
  year: 2019
  ident: bib0415
  publication-title: Sci. Adv.
– volume: 2
  start-page: 346
  year: 2006
  end-page: 350
  ident: bib0240
  publication-title: Small.
– start-page: 457
  year: 2001
  end-page: 460
  ident: bib0245
  publication-title: Nano Lett.
– volume: 5
  start-page: 4112
  year: 2011
  end-page: 4117
  ident: bib0270
  publication-title: ACS Nano
– volume: 96
  start-page: 448
  year: 2016
  end-page: 453
  ident: bib0300
  publication-title: Carbon
– volume: 112
  start-page: 14527
  year: 2015
  end-page: 14532
  ident: bib0330
  publication-title: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
– volume: 15
  start-page: 2612
  year: 2015
  end-page: 2619
  ident: bib0710
  publication-title: Nano Lett.
– volume: 6
  start-page: 3468
  year: 2012
  end-page: 3480
  ident: bib0175
  publication-title: ACS Nano
– volume: 12
  start-page: 4025
  year: 2012
  end-page: 4031
  ident: bib0255
  publication-title: Nano Lett.
– volume: 6
  start-page: 6448
  year: 2014
  ident: bib0070
  publication-title: Nanoscale.
– volume: 7
  start-page: 7534
  year: 2015
  end-page: 7541
  ident: bib0545
  publication-title: ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces
– volume: 27
  start-page: 1
  year: 2017
  end-page: 7
  ident: bib0505
  publication-title: Adv. Funct. Mater.
– volume: 3
  start-page: 6301
  year: 2015
  end-page: 6306
  ident: bib0365
  publication-title: J. Mater. Chem. C.
– volume: 7
  start-page: 2768
  year: 2013
  end-page: 2772
  ident: bib0420
  publication-title: ACS Nano
– volume: 9
  start-page: 1752
  year: 2009
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0260
  publication-title: Nano Lett.
  doi: 10.1021/nl803279t
– volume: 75
  year: 2012
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0195
  publication-title: Rep. Prog. Phys.
  doi: 10.1088/0034-4885/75/6/062501
– volume: 26
  start-page: 23
  year: 2005
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0450
  publication-title: J. Phase Equilibria Diffus.
  doi: 10.1361/15477030522455
– volume: 5
  year: 2019
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0415
  publication-title: Sci. Adv.
– volume: 44
  start-page: 4065
  year: 2015
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0445
  publication-title: J. Korean Inst. Electr. Electron. Mater. Eng.
– volume: 2
  start-page: 1
  year: 2012
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0265
  publication-title: Sci. Rep.
  doi: 10.1038/srep00586
– volume: 11
  start-page: 307
  year: 1977
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0460
  publication-title: Oxid. Met.
  doi: 10.1007/BF00608014
– volume: 6
  start-page: 3468
  year: 2012
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0175
  publication-title: ACS Nano
  doi: 10.1021/nn300503e
– volume: 22
  year: 2010
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0375
  publication-title: J. Phys. Condens. Matter
– volume: 6
  year: 2016
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0600
  publication-title: AIP Adv.
  doi: 10.1063/1.4943080
– volume: 8
  start-page: 5304
  year: 2014
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0720
  publication-title: ACS Nano
  doi: 10.1021/nn5015215
– volume: 50
  start-page: 4476
  year: 2012
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0280
  publication-title: Carbon
  doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2012.05.026
– volume: 12
  start-page: 1538
  year: 2012
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0430
  publication-title: Nano Lett.
  doi: 10.1021/nl2043612
– volume: 10
  start-page: 35289
  year: 2018
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0735
  publication-title: ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces
  doi: 10.1021/acsami.8b13248
– volume: 5
  start-page: 38
  year: 2013
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0040
  publication-title: Nanoscale
  doi: 10.1039/C2NR32629A
– volume: 7
  start-page: 2768
  year: 2013
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0420
  publication-title: ACS Nano
  doi: 10.1021/nn4002038
– volume: 87
  start-page: 1
  year: 2013
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0560
  publication-title: Phys. Rev. B - Condens. Matter Mater. Phys.
  doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.87.195201
– volume: 8
  start-page: 1365
  year: 2012
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0670
  publication-title: Small.
  doi: 10.1002/smll.201102223
– volume: 7
  start-page: 4610
  year: 2013
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0400
  publication-title: ACS Nano
  doi: 10.1021/nn401420h
– volume: 328
  start-page: 213
  year: 2010
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0035
  publication-title: Science
  doi: 10.1126/science.1183665
– volume: 26
  start-page: 2460
  year: 2014
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0235
  publication-title: Chem. Mater.
  doi: 10.1021/cm500086j
– volume: 26
  start-page: 1399
  year: 2014
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0625
  publication-title: Adv. Mater.
  doi: 10.1002/adma.201304389
– volume: 166
  start-page: 37
  year: 2015
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0225
  publication-title: Mater. Chem. Phys.
  doi: 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2015.04.005
– volume: 306
  start-page: 666
  year: 2004
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0015
  publication-title: Science
  doi: 10.1126/science.1102896
– volume: 5
  start-page: 5207
  year: 2015
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0105
  publication-title: ACS Catal.
  doi: 10.1021/acscatal.5b00991
– volume: 6
  start-page: 6448
  year: 2014
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0070
  publication-title: Nanoscale.
  doi: 10.1039/c4nr01220h
– volume: 29
  start-page: 133
  year: 2005
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0435
  publication-title: Calphad Comput. Coupling Phase Diagrams Thermochem.
  doi: 10.1016/j.calphad.2005.06.002
– volume: 24
  start-page: 2320
  year: 2012
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0185
  publication-title: Adv. Mater.
  doi: 10.1002/adma.201104798
– volume: 3
  start-page: 6301
  year: 2015
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0365
  publication-title: J. Mater. Chem. C.
  doi: 10.1039/C5TC00563A
– volume: 104
  start-page: 1
  year: 2014
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0410
  publication-title: Appl. Phys. Lett.
  doi: 10.1063/1.4867197
– volume: 6
  start-page: 13392
  year: 2016
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0285
  publication-title: RSC Adv.
  doi: 10.1039/C5RA22664C
– volume: 406
  start-page: 2254
  year: 2011
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0470
  publication-title: Phys. B Condens. Matter.
  doi: 10.1016/j.physb.2011.03.044
– volume: 82
  start-page: 1633
  year: 2010
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0520
  publication-title: Rev. Mod. Phys.
  doi: 10.1103/RevModPhys.82.1633
– volume: 15
  start-page: 2612
  year: 2015
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0710
  publication-title: Nano Lett.
  doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b00190
– volume: 11
  start-page: 5111
  year: 2011
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0160
  publication-title: Nano Lett.
  doi: 10.1021/nl201874w
– volume: 270
  start-page: 590
  year: 1995
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0005
  publication-title: Science
  doi: 10.1126/science.270.5236.590
– volume: 6
  start-page: 6
  year: 2007
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0630
  publication-title: Nat. Mater.
  doi: 10.1038/nmat1967
– volume: 25
  start-page: 6699
  year: 2013
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0715
  publication-title: Adv. Mater.
  doi: 10.1002/adma.201303230
– volume: 97
  start-page: 10
  year: 2010
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0065
  publication-title: Appl. Phys. Lett.
  doi: 10.1063/1.3464319
– volume: 8
  start-page: 323
  year: 2008
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0060
  publication-title: Nano Lett.
  doi: 10.1021/nl072838r
– volume: 44
  start-page: 2702
  year: 2015
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0130
  publication-title: Chem. Soc. Rev.
  doi: 10.1039/C5CS00151J
– volume: 12
  start-page: 5218
  year: 2012
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0135
  publication-title: Nano Lett.
  doi: 10.1021/nl302389d
– volume: 9
  start-page: 1257
  year: 2015
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0540
  publication-title: ACS Nano
  doi: 10.1021/nn505048y
– volume: 14
  start-page: 442
  year: 2014
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0620
  publication-title: Nano Lett.
  doi: 10.1021/nl4032296
– volume: 5
  start-page: 5338
  year: 2011
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0675
  publication-title: ACS Nano
  doi: 10.1021/nn103237x
– volume: 15
  start-page: 2892
  year: 2015
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0685
  publication-title: Nano Lett.
  doi: 10.1021/nl5045988
– volume: 3
  start-page: 3652
  year: 2012
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0475
  publication-title: J. Phys. Chem. Lett.
  doi: 10.1021/jz301673x
– volume: 87
  start-page: 2
  year: 2013
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0525
  publication-title: Phys. Rev. B - Condens. Matter Mater. Phys.
– volume: 96
  start-page: 448
  year: 2016
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0300
  publication-title: Carbon
  doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2015.09.086
– volume: 3
  start-page: 3990
  year: 2013
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0095
  publication-title: RSC Adv.
  doi: 10.1039/c3ra22161j
– volume: 6
  start-page: 624
  year: 2014
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0490
  publication-title: Nanoscale.
  doi: 10.1039/C3NR04515C
– volume: 116
  start-page: 25112
  year: 2012
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0680
  publication-title: J. Phys. Chem. C.
  doi: 10.1021/jp3088447
– volume: 10
  start-page: 4863
  year: 2010
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0075
  publication-title: Nano Lett.
  doi: 10.1021/nl102661q
– volume: 10
  start-page: 2589
  year: 2014
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0610
  publication-title: Small.
  doi: 10.1002/smll.201302893
– volume: 342
  start-page: 15
  year: 2001
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0605
  publication-title: Chem. Phys. Lett.
  doi: 10.1016/S0009-2614(01)00534-6
– volume: 6
  start-page: 6293
  year: 2012
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0310
  publication-title: ACS Nano
  doi: 10.1021/nn301728j
– volume: 9
  start-page: 1316
  year: 2013
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0320
  publication-title: Small.
  doi: 10.1002/smll.201203021
– volume: 7
  start-page: 5235
  year: 2013
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0465
  publication-title: ACS Nano
  doi: 10.1021/nn400971k
– volume: 2
  year: 2014
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0495
  publication-title: APL Mater.
  doi: 10.1063/1.4895469
– volume: 320
  start-page: 1308
  year: 2008
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0030
  publication-title: Science
  doi: 10.1126/science.1156965
– volume: 80
  start-page: 1339
  year: 1958
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0050
  publication-title: J. Am. Chem. Soc.
  doi: 10.1021/ja01539a017
– volume: 131
  start-page: 9890
  year: 2009
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0650
  publication-title: J. Am. Chem. Soc.
  doi: 10.1021/ja9037593
– volume: 53
  year: 2014
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0550
  publication-title: J. Appl. Phys.
– volume: 26
  start-page: 2648
  year: 2014
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0405
  publication-title: Adv. Mater.
  doi: 10.1002/adma.201306095
– volume: 5
  start-page: 263
  year: 2013
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0125
  publication-title: Nat. Chem.
  doi: 10.1038/nchem.1589
– volume: 2
  start-page: 425
  year: 2012
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0325
  publication-title: Adv. Energy Mater.
  doi: 10.1002/aenm.201100671
– volume: 74
  start-page: 355
  year: 2002
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0250
  publication-title: Appl. Phys. A Mater. Sci. Process.
  doi: 10.1007/s003390201278
– volume: 8
  start-page: 4672
  year: 2014
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0615
  publication-title: ACS Nano
  doi: 10.1021/nn5004327
– volume: 6
  start-page: 21536
  year: 2016
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0500
  publication-title: Sci. Rep.
  doi: 10.1038/srep21536
– volume: 14
  start-page: 1
  year: 2018
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0730
  publication-title: Small.
– volume: 13
  start-page: 3447
  year: 2013
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0190
  publication-title: Nano Lett.
  doi: 10.1021/nl3026357
– volume: 333
  start-page: 999
  year: 2011
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0275
  publication-title: Science
  doi: 10.1126/science.1208759
– volume: 81
  start-page: 475
  year: 2011
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0340
  publication-title: Eur. Phys. J. B
  doi: 10.1140/epjb/e2011-20225-8
– volume: 46
  start-page: 1112
  year: 2010
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0045
  publication-title: Chem. Commun.
  doi: 10.1039/B917705A
– volume: 115
  start-page: 5232
  year: 2011
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0055
  publication-title: J. Phys. Chem. C.
  doi: 10.1021/jp109002p
– volume: 12
  start-page: 4025
  year: 2012
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0255
  publication-title: Nano Lett.
  doi: 10.1021/nl301409h
– volume: 20
  year: 2009
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0640
  publication-title: Nanotechnology.
– volume: 112
  start-page: 14527
  year: 2015
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0330
  publication-title: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.1505993112
– volume: 492
  start-page: 251
  year: 2010
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0215
  publication-title: Chem. Phys. Lett.
  doi: 10.1016/j.cplett.2010.04.038
– volume: 25
  start-page: 3456
  year: 2013
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0425
  publication-title: Adv. Mater.
  doi: 10.1002/adma.201301244
– volume: 5
  start-page: 5994
  year: 2013
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0350
  publication-title: ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces
  doi: 10.1021/am400563g
– volume: 23
  start-page: 3944
  year: 2011
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0180
  publication-title: Adv. Mater.
  doi: 10.1002/adma.201102584
– volume: 23
  year: 2012
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0230
  publication-title: Nanotechnology.
– volume: 83
  start-page: 1
  year: 2011
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0140
  publication-title: Phys. Rev. B - Condens. Matter Mater. Phys.
  doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.83.245213
– volume: 10
  start-page: 715
  year: 2009
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0390
  publication-title: ChemPhysChem
  doi: 10.1002/cphc.200800592
– volume: 146
  start-page: 351
  year: 2008
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0025
  publication-title: Solid State Commun.
  doi: 10.1016/j.ssc.2008.02.024
– volume: 2
  year: 2016
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0695
  publication-title: Sci. Adv.
  doi: 10.1126/sciadv.1600322
– volume: 6
  start-page: 7311
  year: 2012
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0165
  publication-title: ACS Nano
  doi: 10.1021/nn302422x
– volume: 4
  start-page: 5002
  year: 2016
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0335
  publication-title: J. Mater. Chem. A.
  doi: 10.1039/C5TA10599D
– volume: 82
  start-page: 71
  year: 2015
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0380
  publication-title: Mater. Res. Bull.
  doi: 10.1016/j.materresbull.2016.02.009
– volume: 25
  start-page: 292
  year: 2004
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0440
  publication-title: J. Phase Equilibria Diffus.
  doi: 10.1007/s11669-004-0126-5
– volume: 13
  start-page: 3023
  year: 2013
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0580
  publication-title: Nano Lett.
  doi: 10.1021/nl400902v
– volume: 3
  start-page: 1
  year: 2013
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0145
  publication-title: Sci. Rep.
  doi: 10.1038/srep01755
– volume: 1
  year: 2016
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0150
  publication-title: Nat. Rev. Mater.
  doi: 10.1038/natrevmats.2016.52
– volume: 27
  start-page: 1
  year: 2017
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0505
  publication-title: Adv. Funct. Mater.
– volume: 232105
  start-page: 93
  year: 2009
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0645
  publication-title: Appl. Phys. Lett.
– volume: 5
  start-page: 285
  year: 2014
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0480
  publication-title: J. Phys. Chem. Lett.
  doi: 10.1021/jz402375s
– volume: 15
  start-page: 6586
  year: 2015
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0575
  publication-title: Nano Lett.
  doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b02315
– volume: 88
  start-page: 1
  year: 2013
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0590
  publication-title: Phys. Rev. B - Condens. Matter Mater. Phys.
  doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.88.075420
– volume: 8
  start-page: 8582
  year: 2014
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0705
  publication-title: ACS Nano
  doi: 10.1021/nn503287m
– volume: 261
  start-page: 75
  year: 2016
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0535
  publication-title: Catal. Today
  doi: 10.1016/j.cattod.2015.08.053
– volume: 9
  start-page: 1206
  year: 2013
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0690
  publication-title: Small.
  doi: 10.1002/smll.201203097
– volume: 10
  start-page: 534
  year: 2015
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0155
  publication-title: Nat. Nanotechnol.
  doi: 10.1038/nnano.2015.70
– volume: 8
  start-page: 2012
  year: 2008
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0655
  publication-title: Nano Lett.
  doi: 10.1021/nl8011566
– volume: 3
  start-page: 1
  year: 2016
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0200
  publication-title: 2d Mater.
– volume: 9
  start-page: 1472
  year: 2009
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0635
  publication-title: Nano Lett.
  doi: 10.1021/nl8033637
– volume: 10
  start-page: 2975
  year: 2014
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0205
  publication-title: Small.
  doi: 10.1002/smll.201400706
– volume: 14
  start-page: 1337
  year: 2014
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0585
  publication-title: Nano Lett.
  doi: 10.1021/nl4043505
– volume: 31
  start-page: 1
  year: 1989
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0530
  publication-title: Catal. Rev.
  doi: 10.1080/01614948909351347
– volume: 102
  start-page: 10451
  year: 2005
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0110
  publication-title: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.0502848102
– volume: 5
  start-page: 4112
  year: 2011
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0270
  publication-title: ACS Nano
  doi: 10.1021/nn200766e
– volume: 106
  year: 2015
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0595
  publication-title: Appl. Phys. Lett.
– volume: 7
  start-page: 91
  year: 2008
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0660
  publication-title: IEEE Trans. Nanotechnol.
  doi: 10.1109/TNANO.2007.910334
– volume: 6
  start-page: 1
  year: 2015
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0515
  publication-title: Nat. Commun.
– volume: 114
  start-page: 18961
  year: 2010
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0305
  publication-title: J. Phys. Chem. C.
  doi: 10.1021/jp106764h
– volume: 26
  year: 2014
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0570
  publication-title: J. Phys. Condens. Matter
  doi: 10.1088/0953-8984/26/25/256003
– volume: 88
  start-page: 1
  year: 2013
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0565
  publication-title: Phys. Rev. B - Condens. Matter Mater. Phys.
  doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.88.144409
– volume: 468
  start-page: 549
  year: 2010
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0290
  publication-title: Nature.
  doi: 10.1038/nature09579
– volume: 2
  start-page: 1
  year: 2016
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0700
  publication-title: Sci. Adv.
  doi: 10.1126/sciadv.1600322
– volume: 26
  start-page: 7593
  year: 2014
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0360
  publication-title: Adv. Mater.
  doi: 10.1002/adma.201403537
– volume: 43
  start-page: 7067
  year: 2014
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0210
  publication-title: Chem. Soc. Rev.
  doi: 10.1039/C4CS00141A
– volume: 21
  start-page: 3335
  year: 2011
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0085
  publication-title: J. Mater. Chem.
  doi: 10.1039/C0JM02922J
– volume: 9
  start-page: 420
  year: 2015
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0220
  publication-title: IET Circuits, Devices Syst.
  doi: 10.1049/iet-cds.2015.0149
– volume: 20
  start-page: 7114
  year: 2010
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0090
  publication-title: J. Mater. Chem.
  doi: 10.1039/c0jm00467g
– volume: 18
  start-page: 122
  year: 2017
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0010
  publication-title: Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater.
  doi: 10.1080/14686996.2016.1275784
– volume: 10
  start-page: 217
  year: 2018
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0725
  publication-title: NPG Asia Mater.
  doi: 10.1038/s41427-018-0023-8
– volume: 25
  start-page: 1490
  year: 2013
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0315
  publication-title: Chem. Mater.
  doi: 10.1021/cm302819b
– volume: 8
  start-page: 226
  year: 2016
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0355
  publication-title: Nanoscale
  doi: 10.1039/C5NR06345K
– volume: 48
  start-page: 95
  year: 2015
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0455
  publication-title: Calphad Comput. Coupling Phase Diagrams Thermochem.
  doi: 10.1016/j.calphad.2014.11.004
– volume: 95
  start-page: 96
  year: 2009
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0395
  publication-title: Appl. Phys. Lett.
– volume: 7
  start-page: 7534
  year: 2015
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0545
  publication-title: ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces
  doi: 10.1021/am508843z
– volume: 321
  start-page: 385
  year: 2008
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0020
  publication-title: Science
  doi: 10.1126/science.1157996
– volume: 39
  start-page: 126
  year: 2013
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0345
  publication-title: J. Mol. Graph. Model.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2012.11.009
– volume: 10
  start-page: 553
  year: 2010
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0665
  publication-title: Nano Lett.
  doi: 10.1021/nl903414x
– volume: 13
  start-page: 624
  year: 2014
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0170
  publication-title: Nat. Mater.
  doi: 10.1038/nmat3944
– volume: 29
  start-page: 3858
  year: 2017
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0510
  publication-title: Chem. Mater.
  doi: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b05271
– volume: 6
  start-page: 147
  year: 2011
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0115
  publication-title: Nat. Nanotechnol.
  doi: 10.1038/nnano.2010.279
– volume: 105
  start-page: 2
  year: 2010
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0120
  publication-title: Phys. Rev. Lett.
  doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.136805
– volume: 2
  start-page: 7396
  year: 2014
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0295
  publication-title: J. Mater. Chem. C.
  doi: 10.1039/C4TC00924J
– volume: 2
  start-page: 346
  year: 2006
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0240
  publication-title: Small.
  doi: 10.1002/smll.200500348
– volume: 94
  start-page: 1
  year: 2016
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0485
  publication-title: Phys. Rev. B
  doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.94.075440
– volume: 6
  start-page: 2839
  year: 2013
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0100
  publication-title: Energy Environ. Sci.
  doi: 10.1039/c3ee41444b
– volume: 273
  start-page: 302
  year: 2013
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0370
  publication-title: Appl. Surf. Sci.
  doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2013.02.035
– volume: 81
  year: 2007
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0080
  publication-title: Rev. Mod. Phys.
– volume: 24
  start-page: 5481
  year: 2012
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0385
  publication-title: Adv. Mater.
  doi: 10.1002/adma.201202255
– volume: 11
  year: 2016
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0555
  publication-title: Nanoscale Res. Lett.
  doi: 10.1186/s11671-016-1376-y
– start-page: 457
  year: 2001
  ident: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829_bib0245
  publication-title: Nano Lett.
  doi: 10.1021/nl015549q
SSID ssj0045745
Score 2.5882454
SecondaryResourceType review_article
Snippet [Display omitted] •Doping modifies physico-chemical properties of graphene and dichalcogenides.•Non-metal elements such as N, B, Si, P, and S are the common...
SourceID crossref
elsevier
SourceType Enrichment Source
Index Database
Publisher
StartPage 100829
SubjectTerms 2D materials
Doping
Electronics
Graphene
Molybdenum disulfide
MoS2
Sensing
Sensor
TMD
Transition metal dichalcogenides
Tungsten disulfide
WS2
Title Heteroatom doping of two-dimensional materials: From graphene to chalcogenides
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100829
Volume 30
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1LS8NAEF5KvehBfGJ9lD14XZvHbpL1VoolKvaihd5C9lGs1KbUiDd_uzObpFQQBa9hBsIwzHzDfvMNIZcGph4Anor5kD6MKx0xKbWPcnc2j6UMpm4r7WEUpWN-NxGTFhk0uzBIq6xrf1XTXbWuv_TqaPaWs1nvEbB0gi8FAEGgEUnUBEX1Osjpq881zYOL2B0qRmOG1s36nON4IdekQL1QXyJdIHFA84f2tNFyhntkt8aKtF_9zj5p2cUB2dlQEDwkoxTpLAVMzq_UuN0nWkxp-VEwg7L9leQGBVRaJdo1Ha7A0qlUQ5GjZUH1cz7XBaTRzNi3IzIe3jwNUlafSGA6jIOSaUBAOo9k4qmpMiqykRQKJt7c83ILYAM3Y-PYs7kwfqC48kMeJYZrrk1ihRDhMWkvioU9IdRNXlFuoIMH3Po6kYkRyoSKJ_jUaTokbCKT6Vo_HM9YzLOGKPaSVfHMMJ5ZFc8OYWuvZaWf8Yd93AQ9-5YHGZT4Xz1P_-15RrYDnKIdF_uctMvVu70AqFGqrsulLtnq396noy-z8NI5
linkProvider Elsevier
linkToHtml http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1LS8NAEB5qe1AP4hPrcw9elzbJ5rHeSrGk9nGxhd5C9lGs1KbUiH_f2U0iFUTBa5iBMAwz37DffANwp3DqQeApqIPpQ5mQAeVcOkbuTqch5-7cbqWNxkE8ZY8zf1aDbrULY2iVZe0varqt1uWXVhnN1nqxaD0hlo7MSwFCEGxEnO1Aw6hTsTo0Ov1BPK4KMvNDe6vY2FPjUG3QWZqXoZtkRjLU4YYxEFms-UOH2uo6vUM4KOEi6RR_dAQ1vTqG_S0RwRMYx4bRkuHw_EqUXX8i2ZzkHxlVRrm_UN0gCEyLXLsnvQ1aWqFqrHMkz4h8Tpcyw0xaKP12CtPew6Qb0_JKApVe6OZUIgiSacCjtpgLJQIdcF_g0Ju226lGvGGWY8OwrVNfOa5gwvFYECkmmVSR9n3fO4P6KlvpcyB2-ApShU3cZdqREY-UL5QnWGReO1UTvCoyiSwlxM0li2VSccVekiKeiYlnUsSzCfTLa11IaPxhH1ZBT76lQoJV_lfPi3973sJuPBkNk2F_PLiEPdcM1ZaafQX1fPOurxF55OKmzKxP-InU6g
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Heteroatom+doping+of+two-dimensional+materials%3A+From+graphene+to+chalcogenides&rft.jtitle=Nano+today&rft.au=Zhu%2C+Haoyue&rft.au=Gan%2C+Xin&rft.au=McCreary%2C+Amber&rft.au=Lv%2C+Ruitao&rft.date=2020-02-01&rft.pub=Elsevier+Ltd&rft.issn=1748-0132&rft.eissn=1878-044X&rft.volume=30&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.nantod.2019.100829&rft.externalDocID=S1748013219302294
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1748-0132&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1748-0132&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1748-0132&client=summon