Recent Advances in Nanotheranostic Agents for Tumor Microenvironment–Responsive Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Nanomaterials integrating a variety of excellent properties (such as controllable/suitable size, surface modifier, and multifunctionality) have attracted increasing attention in the biomedical field and have been considered a new generation of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents (CAs)....

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Published inFrontiers in pharmacology Vol. 13; p. 924131
Main Authors Jin, Longhai, Yang, Chenyi, Wang, Jianqiu, Li, Jiannan, Xu, Nannan
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Frontiers Media S.A 22.06.2022
Subjects
diagnosis of cancer
MRI
nanomaterials
Pharmacology
stimuli-responsive
tumor microenvironment
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Summary:Nanomaterials integrating a variety of excellent properties (such as controllable/suitable size, surface modifier, and multifunctionality) have attracted increasing attention in the biomedical field and have been considered a new generation of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents (CAs). In recent years, stimuli-responsive nanomaterials with specifically responsive ability have been synthesized as MRI CAs, which can significantly improve the diagnostic sensitivity and accuracy depending on their outstanding performance. Furthermore, the inherent tumor microenvironment (TME) of malignant tumor is considered to possess several unique features, such as low extracellular pH, redox condition, hypoxia, and high interstitial pressure, that are significantly different from healthy tissues. Hence, constructing nanomaterials for TME-responsive MRI as an emerging strategy is expected to overcome the current obstacles to precise diagnosis. This review focuses on recent advances of nanomaterials in their application of TME-responsive MRI that trigger the diagnostic function in response to various endogenous stimulations, including pH, redox, enzyme, and hypoxia. Moreover, the future challenges and trends in the development of nanomaterials serving as TME-responsive MRI CAs are discussed.
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Reviewed by: Qiong Huang, Central South University, China
Zhen Liu, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, China
This article was submitted to Pharmacology of Anti-Cancer Drugs, a section of the journal Frontiers in Pharmacology
Edited by: Kelong Ai, Central South University, China
ISSN:1663-9812
1663-9812
DOI:10.3389/fphar.2022.924131