Broadband nearfield beamforming using a radial beampattern transformation

• Published in: IEEE transactions on signal processing Vol. 46; no. 8; pp. 2147 - 2156
• Main Authors: Kennedy, R.A., Abhayapala, T.D., Ward, D.B.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York, NY IEEE 01.08.1998; Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
• Subjects: Acoustical engineering; Antennas; Applied sciences; Array signal processing; Bandwidth; Design methodology; Exact sciences and technology; Frequency; Geometry; Partial differential equations; Radiocommunications; Sensor arrays; Telecommunications; Telecommunications and information theory; Transforms; Near field; Wave equation; Beamforming; Wide band; Sensor array; Antenna array
• ISSN: 1053-587X; 1941-0476
• DOI: 10.1109/78.705426

This paper presents a new method of designing a beamformer having a desired nearfield broadband beampattern. The methodology uses the spherical harmonic solution to the wave equation to transform the desired nearfield beampattern to an equivalent farfield beampattern. A farfield beamformer is then designed for a transformed farfield beampattern that, if achieved, gives the desired nearfield pattern exactly. Salient features of the new method are as follows. (i) The nearfield patterns can be achieved for all angles, not just the primary look direction. (ii) There is no theoretical restriction on the bandwidth. (iii) General array geometries may be used. As an illustration, we apply the method to the problem of producing a practical array design that achieves a nearfield beampattern that is frequency invariant over an octave bandwidth, where at the lowest frequency, the array-source separation is three wavelengths.