Advances in research into gamete and embryo-fetal origins of adult diseases

• Published in: Science China. Life sciences Vol. 62; no. 3; pp. 360 - 368
• Main Authors: Zou, Kexin, Ding, Guolian, Huang, Hefeng
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Beijing Science China Press 01.03.2019; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Adult; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Cell Differentiation - genetics; Chronic illnesses; Disease; Disease - genetics; Embryogenesis; Embryonic Development - genetics; Epigenesis, Genetic; Epigenetics; Female; Fertilization; Fetuses; Gametes; Gametogenesis; Germ Cells - cytology; Germ Cells - metabolism; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Life Sciences; Organogenesis; Pregnancy; Review; embryo; epigenetic modification; acquired inheritance; gamete; intergenerational/transgenerational transmission
• ISSN: 1674-7305; 1869-1889
• DOI: 10.1007/s11427-018-9427-4

The fetal and infant origins of adult disease hypothesis proposed that the roots of adult chronic disease lie in the effects of adverse environments in fetal life and early infancy. In addition to the fetal period, fertilization and early embryonic stages, the critical time windows of epigenetic reprogramming, rapid cell differentiation and organogenesis, are the most sensitive stages to environmental disturbances. Compared with embryo and fetal development, gametogenesis and maturation take decades and are more vulnerable to potential damage for a longer exposure period. Therefore, we should shift the focus of adult disease occurrence and pathogenesis further back to gametogenesis and embryonic development events, which may result in intergenerational, even transgenerational, epigenetic re-programming with transmission of adverse traits and characteristics to offspring. Here, we focus on the research progress relating to diseases that originated from events in the gametes and early embryos and the potential epigenetic mechanisms involved.