Chromosome-Level Genome Assembly and Circadian Gene Repertoire of the Patagonia Blennie Eleginops maclovinus -The Closest Ancestral Proxy of Antarctic Cryonotothenioids

• Published in: Genes Vol. 14; no. 6; p. 1196
• Main Authors: Cheng, Chi-Hing Christina, Rivera-Colón, Angel G, Minhas, Bushra Fazal, Wilson, Loralee, Rayamajhi, Niraj, Vargas-Chacoff, Luis, Catchen, Julian M
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 30.05.2023; MDPI
• Subjects: Animals; Antarctic Regions; Blood; Chromosomes; Circadian rhythm; Circadian rhythms; Climate change; Eleginops maclovinus; Ethanol; Evolution; Fish; Fishes - genetics; Freezing; Genes; Genomes; Genomic analysis; Humans; Liver; Perciformes - genetics; Phylogeny; Sibling species; Taxonomy; Transcriptomes; Antarctic Regions; Chile; United States > US; Southern Ocean; ancestral notothenioid proxy; Eleginopidae; basal notothenioid; circadian rhythm; monotypic; genome structure; S. American róbalo
• ISSN: 2073-4425; 2073-4425
• DOI: 10.3390/genes14061196

The basal South American notothenioid (Patagonia blennie or róbalo) occupies a uniquely important phylogenetic position in Notothenioidei as the singular closest sister species to the Antarctic cryonotothenioid fishes. Its genome and the traits encoded therein would be the nearest representatives of the temperate ancestor from which the Antarctic clade arose, providing an ancestral reference for deducing polar derived changes. In this study, we generated a gene- and chromosome-complete assembly of the genome using long read sequencing and HiC scaffolding. We compared its genome architecture with the more basally divergent and the derived genomes of nine cryonotothenioids representing all five Antarctic families. We also reconstructed a notothenioid phylogeny using 2918 proteins of single-copy orthologous genes from these genomes that reaffirmed phylogenetic position. We additionally curated repertoire of circadian rhythm genes, ascertained their functionality by transcriptome sequencing, and compared its pattern of gene retention with and the derived cryonotothenioids. Through reconstructing circadian gene trees, we also assessed the potential role of the retained genes in cryonotothenioids by referencing to the functions of the human orthologs. Our results found to share greater conservation with the Antarctic clade, solidifying its evolutionary status as the direct sister and best suited ancestral proxy of cryonotothenioids. The high-quality genome of will facilitate inquiries into cold derived traits in temperate to polar evolution, and conversely on the paths of readaptation to non-freezing habitats in various secondarily temperate cryonotothenioids through comparative genomic analyses.