Evaluation of structure, quality, physicochemical properties, and phenolics content of pea proteins: A novel strategy through the incorporation of fermentation

• Published in: Journal of food science Vol. 89; no. 3; pp. 1517 - 1530
• Main Authors: Al‐Qaisi, Ali, Alrosan, Mohammad, Almajwal, Ali Madi, Gammoh, Sana, Alu'datt, Muhammad H., Kubow, Stan, Tan, Thuan‐Chew, Mahmood, Ammar A. Razzak, Qudsi, Farah R. Al
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01.03.2024
• Subjects: Acetic acid; Acid production; Animals; Digestibility; Fermentation; Gallic acid; Hydrophobicity; Kefir; Kefir - analysis; kefir grains; Lactic acid; Nutritive value; Pea Proteins; Peas; Phenolic compounds; phenolics; Phenols; Physicochemical properties; Protein structure; Proteins; solubility; Starter cultures; Surface charge; Water; Whey Proteins; kefir grains; fermentation; solubility; pea proteins; phenolics
• ISSN: 0022-1147; 1750-3841
• DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16946

The utilization of pea proteins (PPs) is limited due to their relatively low protein digestibility (∼81%) compared to animal‐based proteins, such as whey. The present investigation involved the fermentation of PPs at a concentration of 1% (w/v) using 5% (w/v) water kefir for 60 h at 25°C to improve the functional properties of PPs. The results showed a significant (p < 0.05) increase in lactic acid and acetic acid production during fermentation. These findings suggest that PPs can be effectively fermented using water kefir as a starter culture for the increased protein digestibility of PPs. The PP conformation underwent modifications, including secondary and tertiary protein structure alterations. The total phenolic compounds increased throughout the fermentation, reaching around 695.32 ± 15 mg gallic acid equivalent/100 g after 24 h of fermentation. Furthermore, the fermentation process has culminated in significant (p < 0.05) changes in the surface charge and hydrophobic properties of the fermented PPs, from −38.1 to −45.73 and 362.7 to 550.2, respectively. Fermentation using water kefir is a promising technique for improving the digestibility, protein structure, and nutritional values of PPs.