Mapping mental health inequalities: The intersecting effects of gender, race, class, and ethnicity on ADHD diagnosis

While the effects of social stratification by gender, race, class, and ethnicity on health inequalities are well‐documented, our understanding of the intersecting consequences of these social dimensions on diagnosis remains limited. This is particularly the case in studies of mental health, where “p...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inSociology of health & illness Vol. 44; no. 3; pp. 604 - 623
Main Authors Bergey, Meredith, Chiri, Giuseppina, Freeman, Nikki L. B., Mackie, Thomas I.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published England Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.03.2022
Subjects
Adolescents
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Bayesian analysis
Childhood
Childrens health
Ethnicity
Feasibility
Gender
Health disparities
Households
Inequality
Intersectionality
Mapping
Medical diagnosis
Mental disorders
Mental health
multi‐level modelling
Polls & surveys
Race
Random effects
social constructionism
Social stratification
Stratification
social constructionism
attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
multi-level modelling
mental health
intersectionality
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Summary:While the effects of social stratification by gender, race, class, and ethnicity on health inequalities are well‐documented, our understanding of the intersecting consequences of these social dimensions on diagnosis remains limited. This is particularly the case in studies of mental health, where “paradoxical” patterns of stratification have been identified. Using a Bayesian multi‐level random‐effects Poisson model and a nationally representative random sample of 138,009 households from the National Survey of Children's Health, this study updates and extends the literature on mental health inequalities through an intersectional investigation of one of the most commonly diagnosed psychiatric conditions of childhood/adolescence: attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Findings indicate that gender, race, class, and ethnicity combine in mutually constitutive ways to explain between‐group variation in ADHD diagnosis. Observed effects underscore the importance and feasibility of an intersectional, multi‐level modelling approach and data mapping technique to advance our understanding of social subgroups more/less likely to be diagnosed with mental health conditions.
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ISSN:0141-9889
1467-9566
DOI:10.1111/1467-9566.13443