HYDROFLUORIC ACID-BASED ULTRASONIC UPGRADING OF OIL SHALE AND ITS STRUCTURE CHARACTERIZATION

The effect of hydrofluoric acid (HFA) on the upgrading And structure of oil shale from Yilan county, Heilongjiang province, China was investigated by the ultrasonic treatment of the shale in a mild water bath. The oil shale samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (X...

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Published inOil shale (Tallinn, Estonia : 1984) Vol. 29; no. 4; p. 334
Main Authors Song, Weina, Dong, Yongli, Xue, Limei, Ding, Huixian, Li, Zhe, Zhou, Guojiang
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Tallinn Estonian Academy Publishers 01.12.2012
Teaduste Akadeemia Kirjastus (Estonian Academy Publishers)
Subjects
Acids
Clay
Crude oil
Diffraction
Fluorescence
Fluorides
Fourier transforms
Hydrogen
Minerals
Oil shale
Oil-shales
Shale oils
Siderite
Sulfur compounds
Ultrasonic imaging
X-ray spectroscopy
X-rays
China
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Summary:The effect of hydrofluoric acid (HFA) on the upgrading And structure of oil shale from Yilan county, Heilongjiang province, China was investigated by the ultrasonic treatment of the shale in a mild water bath. The oil shale samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and scanning electron (SE) microscopies, as well as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and densimetry. The results of the study indicate that the HFA-based ultrasonic treatment exhibited a better performance in upgrading oil shale than the ordinary mechanical stirring method. It was also found that the concentration of HFA significantly influenced upgrading performance and the separation degree of inorganic minerals. The kerogen content in oil shale increased with increasing concentration of HFA. The total content of C, H, O and N in oil shale reached 98.2% when 40% HFA was used. Oil shale is composed mainly of a chainlike cyclic saturated organic material called kerogen, and inorganic minerals such as quartz, kaolinite, illite, siderite and pyrite. These materials integrate into a smooth lithified sandwich by the hydrogen bond and intermolecular forces. Via the ultrasonic treatment under mild conditions, kaolinite and siderite can be removed from oil shale with the use of a weak HFA, while a stronger HFA is needed to leach illite and quartz. Then kerogen with a loose porous structure is obtained. Keywords: oil shale, ultrasonic treatment, kerogen, inorganic mineral, hydrofluoric acid.
ISSN:0208-189X
1736-7492
DOI:10.3176/oil.2012.4.04