A fuzzy alignment approach to sizing surface cracks by the AC field measurement technique

• Published in: NDT & E international : independent nondestructive testing and evaluation Vol. 44; no. 1; pp. 75 - 83
• Main Authors: Hasanzadeh, R.P.R., Sadeghi, S.H.H., Ravan, M., Moghaddamjoo, A.R., Moini, R.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Kidlington Elsevier Ltd 2011; Elsevier
• Subjects: AC field measurement; Alignment; Alternating current; Crack sizing; Cracks; Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science; rheology; Exact sciences and technology; Fracture mechanics (crack, fatigue, damage...); Fundamental areas of phenomenology (including applications); Fuzzy; Fuzzy logic; Fuzzy recursive least square; Fuzzy set theory; Linguistic rules alignment; Materials science; Materials testing; Methodology; Physics; Sizing; Solid mechanics; Structural and continuum mechanics; Fuzzy recursive least square; AC field measurement; Linguistic rules alignment; Crack sizing; Measurement; Crack depth; Surface crack; Inference; Fuzzy set; Recursive algorithm; Modeling; Dimensioning; Fuzzy logic; Phenomenological model; Alignment; Least squares method; Depth profile; Recursive method; Metrology; Electromagnetic field; Electromagnetic testing; Learning algorithm; Non destructive test; Alternating current
• ISSN: 0963-8695; 1879-1174
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ndteint.2010.09.009

In real world applications, one major issue with most of non-phenomenological methods is the need for a large and complete databanks. In most practical cases, it is impossible to obtain a complete and representative database that includes sufficient number of representative examples. This fact renders most of available defects and cracks databases useless. In this paper, an aligning method is formalized by a fuzzy recursive least square algorithm as a learning methodology for electromagnetic alternative current field measurement (ACFM) probe signals of a crack (data). This method along with a set of fuzzy linguistic rules, including adequate adaptation of different crack shapes (knowledge) for combining knowledge and data whenever the superposition theory can be utilized, provide a means to compensate for the lack of sufficient samples in available crack databases. We have shown that the combination of this fuzzy inference method and the method of the adaptation for different crack shapes provides sufficient means as a priori empirical knowledge for the training system. This approach significantly reduces the need for a large and complete crack databases. The validity of the proposed methodology is demonstrated by examining the sizing errors in the case of several surface cracks with elliptical depth profile when inverting their respective ACFM signals.