Breakdown Phenomena in Liquid Nitrogen Under Synchronized Transient Boiling and Impulse Voltage

Resistive superconducting fault current limiters constitute a promising solution for high voltage networks. During the resistive current limitation, transient overvoltages and heat dissipation occur on superconducting tapes, inducing fast boiling of surrounding liquid nitrogen (LN 2 ). An experiment...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inIEEE transactions on dielectrics and electrical insulation Vol. 30; no. 4; p. 1
Main Authors Chassagnoux, R., Lesaint, O., Bonifaci, N., Gallot-Lavallee, O., Creusot, Ch, Girodet, A.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published New York IEEE 01.08.2023
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Subjects
Boiling
Breakdown
Breakdown voltage
Bubbles
Current limiters
Electric breakdown
Electric power
Electrodes
Electrons
Engineering Sciences
heating
Heating systems
High voltages
High-voltage techniques
impulse voltage
Liquid nitrogen
Prebreakdown
streamer
subcooling
Superconducting tapes
Superconductivity
Synchronism
tape electrode
Temperature measurement
Transient analysis
Transient heating
subcooling
streamer
impulse voltage
Liquid nitrogen
breakdown
bubbles
tape electrode
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Summary:Resistive superconducting fault current limiters constitute a promising solution for high voltage networks. During the resistive current limitation, transient overvoltages and heat dissipation occur on superconducting tapes, inducing fast boiling of surrounding liquid nitrogen (LN 2 ). An experimental system reproducing the fast transient heating of a tape electrode, synchronized with a high voltage impulse is described. Breakdown voltages measurements in both polarities are carried out versus synchronization delay, pressure (0.10 to 0.40 MPa), temperature (77 K and 65 K). Breakdown voltages show complex variations with these parameters. More insight is obtained from the recording of pre-breakdown phenomena (streamer). The size of vapor bubbles has a large and counter-intuitive influence on streamer initiation: the smaller bubbles, the lower inception voltage. Subcooling LN 2 (by decreasing temperature and/or increasing pressure) sometimes has a beneficial influence (quenching of negative streamer propagation), but deleterious effects can be as well observed in other circumstances (by favouring positive streamer initiation).
ISSN:1070-9878
1558-4135
DOI:10.1109/TDEI.2023.3252488