Titanium dioxide nanoparticle affects motor behavior, neurodevelopment and axonal growth in zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae

• Published in: The Science of the total environment Vol. 754; p. 142315
• Main Authors: Gu, Jie, Guo, Min, Huang, Caoxing, Wang, Xi, Zhu, Yuanhui, Wang, Lei, Wang, Zhen, Zhou, Linjun, Fan, Deling, Shi, Lili, Ji, Guixiang
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01.02.2021
• Subjects: Animals; Axonal growth; Larva; Motor behavior; Nanoparticles - toxicity; Neurotoxicity; Titanium - toxicity; Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-TiO2); Water Pollutants, Chemical - toxicity; Zebrafish; Neurotoxicity; Axonal growth; Motor behavior; Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-TiO2); Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-TiO)
• ISSN: 0048-9697; 1879-1026
• DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142315

More attention has been recently paid to the ecotoxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-TiO2) owing to its common use in many fields. Although previous studies have shown that nano-TiO2 is neurotoxic, the mechanism is still largely unknown. In the present study, zebrafish embryos were exposed to 0.01, 0.1, and 1.0 mg/L nano-TiO2 and 1.0 mg/L micro-TiO2 for up to 6 days post-fertilization (dpf). Exposure to 1.0 mg/L nano-TiO2 significantly decreased the body length and weight of zebrafish larvae; however, the hatching and mortality rate of zebrafish embryos did not change. Behavioral tests showed that nano-TiO2 exposure significantly reduced the swimming speed and clockwise rotation times of the larvae. The results revealed that nano-TiO2 treatment adversely affected motor neuron axon length in Tg (hb9-GFP) zebrafish and decreased central nervous system (CNS) neurogenesis in Tg (HuC-GFP) zebrafish. Additionally, real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated that genes associated with neurogenesis (nrd and elavl3) and axonal growth (α1-tubulin, mbp, and gap43) were significantly affected by nano-TiO2 exposure. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that early-life stage exposure of zebrafish to nano-TiO2 causes adverse neural outcomes through the inhibition of neurodevelopment and motor neuron axonal growth. [Display omitted] •Titanium dioxide nanoparticles exposure induced neurotoxicity.•Titanium dioxide nanoparticles exposure markedly decreased locomotor behavior.•Titanium dioxide nanoparticles exposure decreased central nervous system (CNS) neurogenesis in Tg (HuC-GFP) zebrafish.•Titanium dioxide nanoparticles exposure adversely affected motor neuron axon length in Tg (hb9-GFP) zebrafish.•Titanium dioxide nanoparticles exposure downregulate the expression levels of neurodevelopment genes.