Cellulose microfibrils: A novel method of preparation using high shear refining and cryocrushing

• Published in: Holzforschung Vol. 59; no. 1; pp. 102 - 107
• Main Authors: CHAKRABORTY, Ayan, SAIN, Mohini, KORTSCHOT, Mark
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin de Gruyter 2005; New York, NY
• Subjects: Applied sciences; Cellulose and derivatives; Exact sciences and technology; Natural polymers; Physicochemistry of polymers; Atomic force microscopy; Film; Crushing; Cellulose; Paper pulp; Sulfate pulp; Softwood; Composite material; Optical microscopy; Gymnospermae; Cryogenics; Biomaterial; Stiffness; Picea; Scanning electron microscopy; Filtration; Microfibril; Mechanical properties; Experimental study; Dispersion; Transmission electron microscopy; Refining; Coniferales; Spermatophyta; Lactic acid; Strength
• ISSN: 0018-3830; 1437-434X
• DOI: 10.1515/hf.2005.016

Abstract This paper describes a novel technique to produce cellulose microfibrils through mechanical methods. The technique involved a combination of severe shearing in a refiner, followed by high-impact crushing under liquid nitrogen. Fibers treated in this way were subsequently either freeze-dried or suspended in water. The fibers were characterized using SEM, TEM, AFM, and high-resolution optical microscopy. In the freeze-dried batch, 75% of the fibrils had diameters of 1 μm and below, whereas in the water dispersed batch, 89% of the fibrils had diameters in this range. The aspect ratio of the microfibrils ranged between 15 and 55 for the freeze-dried fibrils, and from 20 to 85 for the fibrils dispersed in water. These measurements suggest that the microfibrils have the potential to produce composites with high strength and stiffness for high-performance applications. The microfibrils in water were compounded with polylactic acid polymer to form a biocomposite. Laser confocal microscopy showed that the microfibrils were well dispersed in the polymer matrix.