Biomarkers in vesicoureteral reflux: an overview
This article aimed to review the role of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors and cellular adhesion molecules as biomarkers for vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) and reflux nephropathy (RN). We reviewed articles from 1979 onward by searching PubMed and Scopus utilizing the combination of words: ‘VUR’ or...
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Published in | Biomarkers in medicine Vol. 14; no. 8; pp. 683 - 696 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
England
Future Medicine Ltd
01.06.2020
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Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
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Summary: | This article aimed to review the role of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors and cellular adhesion molecules as biomarkers for vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) and reflux nephropathy (RN).
We reviewed articles from 1979 onward by searching PubMed and Scopus utilizing the combination of words: ‘VUR’ or ‘RN’ and each one of the biomarkers.
Genetic, inflammatory, fibrogenic, environmental and epigenetic factors responsible for renal scarring need to be better understood. TGF-β, IL-10, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF seem to exert a role in VUR particularly in RN based on the current literature. Serum levels of procalcitonin have been also associated with high-grade VUR and RN. These molecules should be more intensively evaluated as potential biomarkers for renal scarring in VUR.
Further studies are necessary to define which molecules will really be of utility in clinical decisions and as therapeutic targets for VUR and RN. |
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Bibliography: | ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-3 content type line 23 ObjectType-Review-1 |
ISSN: | 1752-0363 1752-0371 |
DOI: | 10.2217/bmm-2019-0378 |