Mechanical loading intensities affect the release of extracellular vesicles from mouse bone marrow‐derived hematopoietic progenitor cells and change their osteoclast‐modulating effect

• Published in: The FASEB journal Vol. 38; no. 1; pp. e23323 - n/a
• Main Authors: Bratengeier, C., Johansson, L., Liszka, A., Bakker, A. D., Hallbeck, M., Fahlgren, A.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States 01.01.2024
• Subjects: Animals; aseptic loosening; Blister; Bone Marrow; calpeptin; Cell-Derived Microparticles; exosomes; Extracellular Vesicles; fluid shear stress; GW4869; Hematopoietic Stem Cells; Mice; microvesicles; Osteoclasts; calpeptin; microvesicles; GW4869; exosomes; aseptic loosening; fluid shear stress
• ISSN: 0892-6638; 1530-6860
• DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301520R

Low‐intensity loading maintains or increases bone mass, whereas lack of mechanical loading and high‐intensity loading decreases bone mass, possibly via the release of extracellular vesicles by mechanosensitive bone cells. How different loading intensities alter the biological effect of these vesicles is not fully understood. Dynamic fluid shear stress at low intensity (0.7 ± 0.3 Pa, 5 Hz) or high intensity (2.9 ± 0.2 Pa, 1 Hz) was used on mouse hematopoietic progenitor cells for 2 min in the presence or absence of chemical compounds that inhibit release or biogenesis of extracellular vesicles. We used a Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa‐Β ligand‐induced osteoclastogenesis assay to evaluate the biological effect of different fractions of extracellular vesicles obtained through centrifugation of medium from hematopoietic stem cells. Osteoclast formation was reduced by microvesicles (10 000× g) obtained after low‐intensity loading and induced by exosomes (100 000× g) obtained after high‐intensity loading. These osteoclast‐modulating effects could be diminished or eliminated by depletion of extracellular vesicles from the conditioned medium, inhibition of general extracellular vesicle release, inhibition of microvesicle biogenesis (low intensity), inhibition of ESCRT‐independent exosome biogenesis (high intensity), as well as by inhibition of dynamin‐dependent vesicle uptake in osteoclast progenitor cells. Taken together, the intensity of mechanical loading affects the release of extracellular vesicles and change their osteoclast‐modulating effect. The intensity of mechanical loading strongly affects bone remodeling by either formation of bone or resorption of bone. Low‐intensity loading on bone cells releases microvesicles that reduce formation of bone‐resorbing osteoclasts, while high‐intensity loading on bone cells releases exosomes that induce formation of bone‐resorbing osteoclasts. The graphical was created with BioRender.com