Parameterization of Wave-Induced Mixing Using the Large Eddy Simulation (LES) (I)

• Published in: Atmosphere Vol. 11; no. 2; p. 207
• Main Authors: Wang, Haili, Dong, Changming, Yang, Yongzeng, Gao, Xiaoqian
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 01.02.2020
• Subjects: Atmospheric models; Boundary conditions; Boundary layer control; Boundary layers; Breaking waves; Climate models; Energy; Gases; General circulation models; Global climate; Global climate models; Heat exchange; Influence; Investigations; Langmuir circulation; Langmuir turbulence; Large eddy simulation; Large eddy simulations; Mixed layer; Momentum; Navier-Stokes equations; Numerical experiments; Ocean models; Ocean surface; ocean surface boundary layer; Oceans; Parameterization; Parametric equations; Sea surface; Simulation; Surface boundary layer; Surface water waves; Surface waves; Temperature; Trace gases; Turbulence; Turbulence models; Velocity; Vortices; Wave breaking; Wave effects; Wave height; Wave parameters; Wavelength; Wavelengths; Wind; Wind speed
• ISSN: 2073-4433; 2073-4433
• DOI: 10.3390/atmos11020207

Turbulent motions in the thin ocean surface boundary layer control exchanges of momentum, heat and trace gases between the atmosphere and ocean. However, present parametric equations of turbulent motions that are applied to global climate models result in systematic or substantial errors in the ocean surface boundary layer. Significant mixing caused by surface wave processes is missed in most parametric equations. A Large Eddy Simulation model is applied to investigate the wave-induced mixed layer structure. In the wave-averaged equations, wave effects are calculated as Stokes forces and breaking waves. To examine the effects of wave parameters on mixing, a series of wave conditions with varying wavelengths and heights are used to drive the model, resulting in a variety of Langmuir turbulence and wave breaking outcomes. These experiments suggest that wave-induced mixing is more sensitive to wave heights than to the wavelength. A series of numerical experiments with different wind intensities-induced Stokes drifts are also conducted to investigate wave-induced mixing. As the wind speed increases, the influence depth of Langmuir circulation deepens. Additionally, it is observed that breaking waves could destroy Langmuir cells mainly at the sea surface, rather than at deeper layers.